1. TPCASTT A guide on how to analyze poetry

2. Title Analyze the title (this will be done again later) Ask yourself – “What do I think this poem will be about based on its title?” – “What does this title mean?” First, think about the denotation of the words. Then, think about the connotations of the words.

3. Before you move to the next step, now is the time to READ THE POEM! This is the most important part of the process.

4. Paraphrase To paraphrase something means to put it into your own words. This is not the same as a summary. In this step, you will rewrite the poem in your own words. – Use the literal meaning Be sure you understand what is happening in the poem before you even begin to try to understand it!

5. Connotation Connotation is the emotion or feeling associated with a piece of writing. In this part of the analysis, you are looking for the deeper meaning of the poem – or the meaning beyond the literal (figurative). It is not necessary to recognize all poetic devices, but the more that you find and analyze the more that you will understand the meaning of the poem.

6. – Diction (what words did the author choose to use that swayed the meaning of the poem?) – Imagery (how did the poet describe the subject?) – Point of View (who is the speaker in the poem?) – All figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, symbolism, and hyperbole) – Allusion – Sound devices (onomatopoeia, alliteration, rhythm, rhyme, etc.) – Other devices (irony, sarcasm, understatement, pun, etc.) Analyze the following poetic devices:

7. Attitude In this step, you are looking for the tone of the author or speaker of the poem. The tone is the poet’s attitude toward the subject of the poem. You also want to be aware of the mood that the poem sets for the reader. The mood is how the author intends the reader to feel. One can find this by examining the diction of the poem and the imagery that was created by the poet (all of this was done in the last step).

8. Shifts In this step, we are identifying changes in various parts of the poem. – Tone (is there a shift in attitude?) – Key Words (but, yet, however, although, etc.) – Punctuation (period, dashes, colons, ellipses) – Setting (is there a change in time or location?) – Speaker (does the speaker change?) – Stanza divisions (could a change in stanza indicate something important – a change?) – Line length (is there an obvious change in line length?)

9. Title You must now re-examine the title, but now look at an interpretive level. – Does the title mean something more than I originally thought (based on what I’ve learned about the poem)? – What role does the title play in the overall understanding of the poem?

10. Theme Now you are to analyze the overall meaning of the poem to how it relates to the human experience, motivation, or condition. – First, list the subject(s) or abstract idea(s) discussed in the poem – Then, consider what you’ve learned about these subjects – Consider also the general insight into life conveyed by the author. Remember that a theme does not make a judgment – “Don’t do drugs” is not a theme – A theme merely states something that is true to the human life or condition

11. TPCASTT Title Paraphrase Connotation Attitude Shifts Title Theme