1. Chapter 17 The United States in World War II Section 3 The War in the Pacific

2. I. The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide

3. Japanese Advances In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire

5. Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines

6. March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain

8. Doolittle’s Raid April 1942, Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid on Tokyo

11. Battle of the Coral Sea (first modern naval battle) May 1942, U.S., Australian soldiers stop Japanese drive to Australia For first time since Pearl Harbor, Japanese invasion turned back (Aircraft carrier vs. Aircraft carrier)

13. The Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz commands U.S. naval forces in Pacific

15. Allies break Japanese code, win Battle of Midway, stop Japan again Allies advance island by island to Japan Strength United States: 3 carriers 7 heavy cruisers 1 light cruiser 15 destroyers 233 carrier-based aircraft 127 land-based aircraft 16 submarines [1] [1] Japan: 4 carriers 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 1 light cruiser 12 destroyers 248 carrier-based aircraft [2] 16 floatplanes [2] Casualties and losses United States: 1 carrier sunk 1 destroyer sunk ~150 aircraft destroyed 307 killed Japan: 4 carriers sunk 1 heavy cruiser sunk 1 heavy cruiser damaged 248 aircraft destroyed 3,057 killed

16. II. The Allies Go on the Offensive

17. The Allied Offensive Allied offensive begins August 1942 in Guadalcanal

18. Great Marianas Turkey Shoot

19. Strength 7 fleet carriers 8 light fleet carriers 7 battleships 8 heavy cruisers 13 light cruisers 58 destroyers 28 submarines 956 carrier aircraft 5 fleet carriers 4 light carriers 5 battleships 13 heavy cruisers 6 light cruisers 27 destroyers 24 submarines 6 oilers ~450 carrier aircraft ~300 land-based aircraft Casualties and losses 1 battleship damaged 123 aircraft destroyed 3 fleet carriers sunk 2 oilers sunk 550–645 aircraft destroyed 6 other ships damaged

20. October 1944, Allies converge on Leyte Island in Philippines — return of MacArthur

22. The Japanese Defense Japan uses kamikaze attack—pilots crash bomb- laden planes into ships

23. Battle of Leyte Gulf (largest naval battle in history) is a disaster for Japan — Imperial Navy severely damaged; plays minor role after

24. Strength ~300 ships in total 8 fleet carriers 8 light carriers 18 escort carriers 12 battleships 24 cruisers 166 destroyers and destroyer escorts Many PT boats, submarines, and fleet auxiliaries About 1,500 planes 67+ ships in total 1 fleet carrier 3 light carriers 9 battleships 14 heavy cruisers 6 light cruisers 35+ destroyers 300+ planes (including land-based aircraft) Casualties and losses ~2,800 casualties; 1 light carrier, 2 escort carriers, 2 destroyers, 1 destroyer escort sunk 200+ planes ~12,500 dead; 1 fleet carrier, 3 light carriers 3 battleships, 10 cruisers, 11 destroyers sunk ~300 planes

27. Iwo Jima Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive

29. The Battle for Okinawa April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties

30. III. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War

31. The Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of Manhattan Project

32. July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert President Truman orders military to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan

33. Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6, Hiroshima, major military center, destroyed by bomb (Little Boy)

34. 3 days later, bomb dropped on city of Nagasaki (Fat Man)

36. September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders

37. IV. Rebuilding Begins

38. The Yalta Conference February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta — discuss post-war world

39. FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan

40. FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations

41. Human Costs of the War WW II most destructive war in human history CountryMilitaryCivilianTotal USSR12 million17 million29 million Poland597,0005.86 million6.27 million Germany3.25 million2.44 million5.69 million Yugoslavia305,0001.35 million1.66 million Romania450,000465,000915,000 Hungary200,000600,000800,000 France245,000350,000595,000 Italy380,000153,000533,000 Great Britain403,00092,700495,000 United States407,0006,000413,000 Czechoslovakia7,000315,000322,000 Holland13,700236,000249,000 Greece19,000140,000159,000 Belgium76,00023,00099,000

42. Casualties and losses Military dead: Over 16,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 45,000,000 Total dead: Over 61,000,000 Military dead: Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 4,000,000 Total dead: Over 12,000,000

43. The Nuremberg War Trials Nuremberg trials—24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced — charged with crimes against humanity, against the peace, war crimes Establish principle that people responsible for own actions in war

44. The Occupation of Japan MacArthur commands U.S. occupation forces in Japan Over 1,100 Japanese tried, sentenced MacArthur reshapes Japan’s economy, government