1. PLANT STRUCTURE EQ: How can a plant maintain homeostasis using its stomata?

2. Basic Morphology Stem Roots 3 Organs? Leaves

3. Roots? Anchor Absorb minerals and water Store food

4. Fibrous root systems Anchors / + Surface Area No one root is larger than the others

5. Taproot system Anchor / Store Food One long, thick root with smaller branch roots

6. Root hairs Absorption of water and minerals Increase the surface area enormously

7. Shoots Stems and Leaves Stem Functions: 1.Hold up leaves to sun 2.Transport substances within the plant 3.Produce leaves, branches, flowers

8. Nodes = the points at which leaves are attached Internodes = the stem segments between nodes Buds = where leaves attach to the nodes

9. Axillary bud = At the angle formed by each leaf and the stem potential to form a vegetative branch Terminal bud (apex) = Growth of a young shoot is concentrated

10. Primary Growth = growth in length of stem occurring at the ends of a plant Secondary Growth = growth in the thickness of stem and root to support the mass of primary growth

11. Leaves Blade = thin, flattened part, maximize light absorption Petiole = connects the leaf to a stem node main photosynthetic organs

12. Transpiration and Wilting Transpiration = loss of water through leaves. Helps to cool leaves on hot days but also can threaten leaf’s survival if water is limited.

13. Anatomy of a Leaf Blade Petiole Epidermis Cuticle Xylem Phloem Vein Veins Mesophyll Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Stoma Chloroplasts Gases out: O2, H2O Gases in: CO2

14. Gas Exchange and Homeostasis Stomata (singlular: stoma) = small openings in the epidermis that allow gases (CO 2, O 2, H 2 O) to diffuse into and out of the leaf. Guard Cells = surround the stomata, control opening and closing.

15. Leaves have become adapted by evolution for other functions tendrils to cling to supportsspines for defense brightly colored for attracting pollinators modified for water storage