2. W A V E S HAND OUT Distributed to 4 th Semester Students Majoring in Physics written by Wenny Maulina DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS JEMBER UNIVERSITY 2016

3. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 :Introduction CHAPTER 2 :Vibrations and waves CHAPTER 3 :Simple Harmonic motion CHAPTER 4 :Free Oscillations of simple systems CHAPTER 5 :Linear homogeneous equation CHAPTER 6 :Transversal wave CHAPTER 7 :Superposition, Energy, Impedance CHAPTER 8 :Waves Reflection and Transmission CHAPTER 9 :Doppler Effect CHAPTER 10 :Fourier Series and Fourier Integral

4. References 1.F.S. Crawford,”WAVES”, Berkeley Physics course, volume 3, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1968 2.M.O. Tjia,”Gelombang” Dabara Publishers, Solo, 1994

5. MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND

8. Lady ! Hi ! I love you ! I don’t care ! In our daily live you often hear a sound from a back wall As shown on the diagram below ;

9. INTRODUCTION Key Question: How do waves move? Waves in Motion

10. What is a wave? a wave is a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another.

11. Types of Waves A mechanical wave is just a disturbance that propagate through a medium. The medium could be air, water, a spring, the Earth. A medium is any material through which a wave travels. Mechanical wave examples: sound; water waves; a pulse traveling on a spring; earthquakes. Characteristic of mechanical waves is velocity of the waves depend only on the properties of the medium An electromagnetic wave is simply light of a visible or invisible wavelength. Oscillating intertwined electric and magnetic fields comprise light. Light can travel without medium.

12. Transverse waves The oscillations of a transverse wave are not in the direction the wave moves.

13. Suppose you create a wave along a rope by shaking the free end up and down. The motion of the rope is at right angles to the direction in which the wave is moving. Whenever the motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction in which a wave travels, the wave is a transverse wave. Transverse Waves

14. Longitudinal waves The oscillations of a longitudinal wave are in the same direction that the wave moves.

15. Sometimes the particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction in which the wave travels. When the particles oscillate parallel to or along the direction of the wave, the wave is a longitudinal wave. Longitudinal Waves

16. Both transverse and longitudinal waves can be demonstrated with a loosely coiled spring. a.When the end of a coiled spring is shaken up and down, a transverse wave is produced. b.When it is shaken in and out, a longitudinal wave is produced.

22. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/waves/Pwave.htm http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/waves/Swave.htm http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/waves/Rwave.htm http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/waves/Lwave.htm