2.  The Anglo Saxon period was also known as the Dark Ages  it was a time filled with violence, barbarism and ignorance ( people did not acquire education or knowledge)  Stories and poems of the time present struggle when the stronger wins.

3. In 55 b.c Julius Caesar tried to conquer Britain but he came back to Rome. 100 years later- the roman army conquered Britain. Britain was influenced by the Roman life style: city life, trusting the roman soldiers, going to public baths.. Early in the 5 th century, the Romans left Britain.

4.  The Angle, Saxon and Germanic tribes arrived from Europe to Britain in 449 A.D  The Britons were led by Arthur ( maybe the legendary king Arthur) and they were driven to Cornwell, Wales and Scotland and across the English channel to an area of France.  This area was now called Brittaney

5.  The new main part of Britain was called Angle Land -> England.  The Anglo Saxon culture was the basis of the English culture.

6.  In the 790’s the Vikings ( tribes from Denmark and Norway) arrived to England and burned down villages.  At first they just hit and ran but eventually they took over parts in the north.  They tried to conquer the south as well but they did not succeed. The south was led by king Alfred the Great who united England  During his time learning and culture flourished in England.

7.  1042- Edward the confessor took the throne  He was a very religious person.  Because he had no children, he promised the throne to one of his cousins, William, the duke of Normandy.  However, church officials decided to crown an earl named Harold when the king died.  William was so mad that he invaded Britain, killed Harold and made himself the new king.  This ended the Anglo-Saxon dominance in England

9.  The early invaders were very violent.  They believed in fate. Whatever happens- happens  They admired their warriors.  When they settled in their new homes, they became more civilized, more agricultural and less violent.

10.  Their dark early beliefs did not bring too much hope to the people and the only thing that was sure, certain was DEATH.  Christianity opened up a possibility that one might suffer in this worlds, but the reward will results in a happy afterlife in heaven.

11.  By 300 A.D the number of Christian missionaries in Britain was very large.  In 597 a Roman missionary named Augustine arrived and established the first monastery in Canterbury.  Monasteries became an educational, artistic and social centers. They were the only place offering education.  With time original literary works were written first in old Latin and then in Old English.

12.  Was one of the greatest authors in the monastery period.  Wrote: A History of the English Church and People.

13.  When the Vikings invaded Britain in the 8-9 th century, they destroyed many monasteries and threatened to destroy the culture that was developing, however Christianity continued to be a dominant cultural force.

14.  The early literature of the time was mainly epic poems praising the deeds/actions of the warriors, and also reflected the violent reality.

15.  An Epic poem is a long narrative poem on a serious subject presented in an elevated or a formal style. It follows the adventures of a great hero whose actions represent the ideals and values of a nation or a race.It usually deals with universal matters such as good vs. evil, life, sin and redemption.

16.  The poems were recited ( told) by professional poets called scops in mead halls (The mead hall was generally the great hall of the king).  The people would sit, enjoy a meal and listen to the scops.

17.  The poems were not just a form of entertainment- it was a history lesson, moral sermon and a pep talk in one.  They were trying to teach cultural pride and how a true hero should behave.  However, at the same time the poets reminded the listeners that every ambition ends with death and it all in the hands of fate.

18.  The epic poems were an oral art form- they were memorized and told.  When Christianity spread- literacy ( knowledge of reading and writing) spread as well and poem were recorded ( written).  Not a lot of the anglo saxon poetry survived because everything was hand written.

19.  The most famous survivor is the epic of Beowulf, a legendary hero of the Northern European past  He battled monsters and dragons to protect the people.  At the end he dies from the wounds incurred in his final great fight.