1. Answers

2. 1. What were the names of the four scientists involved in proving DNA was the genetic material? Griffith, Avery, Hershey and Chase

3. 2. What are the two nucleic acids? DNA and RNA What are the differences between the two? DNARNA # of strands21 Type of sugardeoxyriboseribose basesAdenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

4.  3. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?  Nucleotides  4. What makes up a nucleotide? ◦ 5 carbon sugar, phosphate, and 1nitrogenous base

5.  5. What are the five nitrogenous bases? ◦ Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

6.  6. What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines? ◦ Purines are double ringed ◦ Pyrimindines are single ringed.

7.  7. Which bases are purines? Which are pyrimidines?  Adenine and guanine are purines  Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines

8.  8. In DNA, which bases are complements of each other?  Adenine with thymine  Guanine with cytosine

9.  9. How did Franklin contribute to the discovery of the shape of the DNA molecule?  She took the famous photo 51 that led to the discovery of the shape of DNA

10.  10. How is the shape of DNA described?  Double helix or twisted ladder shape  11. What are the two outside strands of DNA made up of?  alternating deoxyribose(sugar) and phosphate

11.  12. What kind of bonds hold the complementary bonds together?  Hydrogen  13. How many bonds hold together cytosine to guanine? 33  Adenine to thymine? 22

12.  14. What does orientation mean in relation to the DNA strands?  The direction of the strand  How is the top strand oriented?  5’ to 3’  How is the bottom strand oriented?  3’ to 5’

13.  15. What does the word antiparallel mean?  Opposite of parallel  How does it relate to the orientation of the DNA strands?  one strand is oriented 5’ to 3’(five prime to 3 prime); the other strand is oriented 3’ to 5’—

14.  16. How does DNA coil into chromosomes? Use the words histones and nucleosomes to describe.  DNA wraps around histones and becomes nucleosomes. Then nucleosome tightly coil into chromosomes 

15. 17. Use the words chromosome, DNA, gene and human genome to fill in the blanks to these sentences. DNA is the ink and paper. A gene is a sentence. A chromosome is a book. The human genome is the library.

16.  18. Arrange the following terms in order from largest to smallest.  cell, nucleus, chromosome, gene, DNA

17.  19. If a section of DNA has 27 percent thymine, how much cytosine will it have?  If I have 27% thymine, I have 27% adenine.  27+27=54%  DNA is 100%  I know 54% of components to find the other amount subtract from 100%--- 46% right  Bases that would be left are guanine and cytosine so they equal 46%  Divide by 2 because they  Are in equal amounts so that would be 23% guanine and 23% cytosine.

18.  20. What part of DNA is the coding part of a nucleotide?  Base pairs