1. NEW CHAPTER TOPIC:
TAXONOMY

2. CLASSIFICATION – THE LINNAEUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM-FOR THE OCEAN PROKARYOTES MARINE ALGAES MARINE PLANTS MARINE ANIMALS

3. -THOUSANDS OF NEW SPECIES ARE DISCOVERED EACH YEAR
-BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY DESCENT, NOT JUST PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, THEY GET GROUPED WITH ORGANISMS HAVING SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS
-WE DETERMINE EVOLUTIONARY DESCENT BY:
1. DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences
2. Molecular clock-relative mutation rates
3. Comparative embryology
4. Fossil records
5. Comparative anatomy

4. EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
Example 1
3 TYPES OF PLANTS:
STEM A
STEM B
STEM C
3 TYPES OF ANIMALS:
LAND
AIR
WATER

5. ARISTOTLE’S SYSTEM Example 2
Red blood vs. no red blood

6. LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM

7. A GOOD SYSTEM!
“NESTED HIERARCHY”
7 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

8. K P C O F G S
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

9. What does it mean to be HUMAN?
ANIMAL
CHORDATE
MAMMAL
PRIMATE
HOMINIDAE
HOMO
SAPIENS

10. ANIMAL
“KINGDOM”
TREE

11. CHORDATE “PHYLUM” TREE

12. MAMMAL “CLASS” TREE

13. PRIMATE “FAMILY”
TREE

14. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
TWO PART NAMING SYSTEM USING MOSTLY LATIN LANGUAGE
GENUS SPECIES
EX. Homo sapiens

15. Modern Taxonomy
-The science of naming and classifying organisms into KPCOFGS
-Each of the 7 classification groups is called a taxon (taxon plural is taxa)
Note…plural for the taxon, genus, is genera

16. SYSTEMATICS
FIELD OF STUDY THAT ORGANIZES ORGANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTION.
HYPOTHESIS BASED ON SEVERAL LINES OF EVIDENCE.
A phylogenetic tree is a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic groups.
PHYLOGENETIC TREE

17. CLADISTICS
NEW SYSTEM
USES SHARED FEATURES CALLED “DERIVED CHARACTERS” TO ESTABLISH EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS.
VERTEBRATE CLADOGRAM

18. 6 Kingdom vs. 3 Domain System of Classification
1 Eubacteria………Domain Bacteria
2 Archaebacteria…Domain Archaea
3 Protista………….Domain Eukarya
4 Fungi…………….Domain Eukarya
5 Plantae………….Domain Eukarya
6 Animalia…………Domain Eukarya
Guess what’s now
on the table???
Replace Protista w/:
Protoctista
5 kingdom system
(Monera)

19. Foldable Project 6 Kingdoms of Life
Directions:
1. Fold your paper in half (hot dog style). Then, fold your hot dog in half. Open your hot dog.
Your hot dog now has a fold down the center. Fold each side of your hot dog so that you have 3
sections on each side of your hot dog, for a total of six sections.
2. Cut the top flap of each section (DO NOT CUT BOTH FLAPS!)
3. Label each flap with: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

20. For each kingdom, provide each of the following on the inside of your tab:
Type(s) of organism(s) in the Kingdom
Characteristics of members of the Kingdom
Draw at least 2 pictures of members of the Kingdom
Include any interesting facts about the Kingdom!