1. Ch.5 Student Assistance

2. Fill in the American Identity Chart as we go through Chapter 5
Economy –
Education –
Religion –
Publishing –
Political Ideas –
War -

3. Ch.5 Vocabulary
5.1
apprentice Someone who learns a trade from an experienced craftsman
Great Awakening A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
Jonathan Edwards Well-known minister of the Great Awakening
George Whitefield Popular minister of the Great Awakening, who drew crowds of thousands
Enlightenment Intellectual movement stressing reason and science as the paths to knowledge
Benjamin Franklin American Enlightenment figure who was a scientist and inventor
John Locke English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

4. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
Land, Rights, and Wealth
Cheap farmland, many resources give colonists chance to prosper
Property owners, landowners, city dwellers who pay fee could vote.
American colonies have three rigid classes:
High rank – large landowners
Middle rank – small farmers
Low rank – servants, slaves, hired workers
Colonial women hold the same rank as their husbands or fathers.

5. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
Women and the economy
Enslaved African women help raise cash crops
Most white women are farm wives: do house work, tend gardens, animals
Also work in fields, barter with neighbors for goods and services.
Women in towns do house work, some run inns, businesses
Women could not vote, preach or hold office
Women could not own property without husband’s permission

6. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
Young People at Work
Colonial families often large; more children means more workers
At age 6, boys are “breeched” help father at work
At age 11, boys often become apprentices – learn trade from craftsmen
Work free 4-7 years; receive necessities, training; then work for wages
Girls rarely apprenticed, learn household skills from mother
At age 13 to 14, often sent to household to learn specialized skills

7. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
Colonial Schooling
Most children are taught to read to understand Bible
Only Children from rich families learn writing, arithmetic
Poor children learn reading from mother or “dame schools”
Textbooks emphasize religion
Colonial America has high literacy rate
Educated African Americans rare; illegal to teach enslaved to read

8. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
Newspapers and Books
Many newspapers appear in colonial America
Most books come from England; gradually colonist publish own books
Almanacs, regional histories, personal stories are popular
Captivity Narratives popular, about colonists captured by Native Americans

9. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
The Great Awakening
Many colonists lose religious passion; religion seems dry, distant
In 1730s, 1740s, the Great Awakening religious movement is influential:
Emphasizes inner religious emotion
Deemphasizes outward religious behavior
Jonathan Edwards is a popular preacher involved with Great Awakening

10. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
The Great Awakening
Great Awakening changes colonial culture:
Congregations argue about religious practices, split apart
Many join other Protestant groups
Some groups welcome women
Some groups welcome African Americans, Native Americas
Inspires George Whitefield; sermons raise money for some orphans
Great Awakening results in
Political Independence = encourages equality, right to challenge authority
Enthusiasm = Get excited about your faith
AMEN

11. Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment emphasizes knowledge through reason, science
Benjamin Franklin is famous American Enlightenment figure
Enlightenment begins in Europe; scientists discover natural laws
English philosopher John Locke says people have natural rights (born with)
Rights to life, liberty and property
Natural rights protected by government
If government fails, people have the right to abolish or change it
Ideas about natural rights, government influence Europe, colonies
Other major European Enlightenment thinkers
Voltaire – Freedom of Speech and Religion
Montesquieu – Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances in Government
Rousseau – Social Contract

12. Ch.5.1 in your notes packet
On the right side lets define the key ideas together.
Now we will go through the notes on the left.
Underline any moral issues you see in the Great Awakening/ Enlightenment notes. Circle and political issues you see in the Great Awakening/ Enlightenment notes.
Now, fill in the Chart to help formulate your response to the question below.

13. Ch.5 Vocabulary
5.2
Magna Carta A 1215 document granting rights to English people
Parliament England’s chief lawmaking body
Edmund Andros Royal governor who limited colonists’ rights
Glorious Revolution The takeover of the English throne by William and Mary during 1688 and 1689
English Bill of Rights A 1689 royal agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament
salutary neglect Leaving alone in a helpful way
John Peter Zenger A colonial publisher whose trial in 1735 led to freedom of the press

14. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
The Rights of Englishmen
In 1215, King John is forced to accept Magna Carta (Great Charter)
Magna Carta grants rights to English noblemen and freemen:
Cannot have property seized by king or his officials
In most cases, cannot be taxed unless council agrees
Cannot be put on trial without witnesses
Can be punishes only by jury of peers
Over time, rights of Magna Carta are granted to all English people

15. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
Parliament and Colonial Government
Parliament – England’s chief lawmaking body has two houses:
Members of House of Commons are elected by the people
Members of the House of Lords are nonelected
English colonists form representative assemblies like House of Commons
English colonists govern themselves in some ways
England has authority over colonial governments
Parliament had no colonial representatives
Passes laws that affect colonies
Colonists dislike these laws, clash with king-appointed royal governor

16. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
A Royal Governor’s Rule
James II becomes king (1685), imposes strict rule on colonies
Combines Massachusetts and Northern colonies into one dominion
Appoints royal governor Edmund Andros to rule dominion
Andros ends representative assemblies; colonists refuse to pay taxes

17. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
England’s Glorious Revolution
English Parliament overthrows King James, appoints William and Mary
Chang in leadership is called England’s Glorious Revolution (1688)
William and Mary uphold the English Bill of Rights (1689):
Monarch cannot cancel laws
Monarch cannot impose taxes unless Parliament agrees
Free elections, frequent meetings of Parliament
Excessive fines and cruel punishment forbidden
People can complain to monarch without being arrested
Establishes government based on law, not on desires of ruler
American colonists claim these rights

18. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
Shared Power in the Colonies
After Glorious Revolution, Massachusetts regains self-government
Still have king-appointed royal governor
Governor, his council, colonial assembly share power
Royal governor can strike down laws
Colonial assembly responsible for governor’s salary
If governor blocks law, assembly might refuse to pay him
England has little involvement in colonial affairs – salutary neglect
Governors rarely enforce certain laws, colonists feel independent

19. Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects
The Zenger Trial
John Peter Zengel – publisher of New-York Weekly Journal
In 1735, he prints criticism of New York’s governor
At the time, illegal to criticize government in print
Stand trial; jury says he has the right to speak truth
Is released, colonists move toward freedom of press

20. Ch.5 Vocabulary
5.3
French and Indian War A war (1754–1763) between Britain and France for control of North America. Each side had Native American allies
Albany Plan of Union First formal proposal to unite British colonies
Battle of Quebec British victory in 1759 that was the turning point of the French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty ending the French and Indian War and French power in North America
Pontiac’s Rebellion Native American revolt against the British in1763
Proclamation of 1763 British order forbidding colonists to settle west of the Appalachians

21. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
France Claims Western Lands
French claim territory from Appalachian range to Rocky Mountains (1682)
Main French settlements along the St. Lawrence River in Canada
Colony of New France’s population about 80,000 (1760)
British colonies’ population more than a million settlers (1760)
Many Europeans in New France work as fur traders

22. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
Native American Alliances
English compete with French for furs
Native Americans groups compete to supply furs to Europeans
Huron, Algonquin peoples allies of French; Iroquois allies of English
Series of wars between French, English, and Native American allies
Final war is the French and Indian War ( )

23. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
Conflict in the Ohio River Valley
British Fur Traders move into the Ohio River Valley (1750s)
French destroy village and British trading post to keep British out
French build forts to protect region: Virginia colony upset, claim region
French refuse to leave, capture English fort, rename it Fort Duquesne

24. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
War Begins and Spreads
George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French troops (1754)
French and Indian War part of larger Seven Years’ War
Seven Years’ War is worldwide struggle for empire between Britain, and France
Iroquois refuse to ally themselves with British
Benjamin Franklin’s plan to unite colonies – Albany Plan of Union
Colonial legislatures defeat this plan

25. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
Braddock’s defeat
British send General Edward Braddock, two regiments to Virginia
Braddock and his troops defeated by French and Indian Troops (1755)
Braddock killed; second-in-command Washington miraculously survives

26. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
The British take Quebec
By 1759, British control six French forts
For two months British unable to capture the fort at Quebec
Finally, British troops sneak up cliff path, attack fort in the morning British Commander James Wolfe, French commander Montcalm killed
British defeat French at Battle of Quebec; turning point of war.

27. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
The Treaty of Paris
Britain, France battle in other parts of world three more years
Seven Years’ War ends in 1763; British win
Treaty of Paris:
Britain claims all of North America east of the Mississippi
France gives New Orleans and Louisiana territory to Spain
Britain gives Cuba, Philippines to Spain for Florida
Ends French power in North America

28. Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies
Pontiac’s Rebellion
British settlers move onto Native American lands
Native Americans attack settlers, destroy forts – Pontiac’s Rebellion
British give Delaware war leaders smallpox infected blankets
Starts deadly outbreak; Native Americans retreat
British issue Proclamation of 1763:
Forbids colonists to settle west of Appalachians
Angers colonists who thought they had won right to settle.