1. DO NOW: Organisms & Their relationships How does this picture show that living things need each other for survival?

2. Ecology Branch of biology dealing with the interactions between organisms and the living and non-living factors in their environment Chapter 1.1

3. Biotic vs. Abiotic WS Light, temperature, water, soil & minerals –abiotic Kangaroo, fish, algae, ants, mice –biotic

4. Organization of Environment Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism –Habitat –Niche Chapter 1.1 p.37

5. Organism The individual itself –Habitat –Niche How, where, when it gets nutrients Reproductive behaviors

6. Population Individual organisms of a single species

7. Community Interacting populations in the same area

8. Ecosystem Community consisting of all the biotic and abiotic factors

9. Biome Group of ecosystems that share the same climate

10. Biosphere –Part of Earth where all living things exist –Consists of 4 parts Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Ecosphere

11. Organization Analogy Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism –Habitat –Niche Chapter 1.1

12. Community Interactions Interactions along with abiotic factors help shape an ecosystem p.38

13. Symbiotic Relationships Two different organisms live in association where at least one benefits –Mutualism –Commensalism –Parasitism Discovery video clip

14. Mutualism (+/+) Both benefit –Examples: Termites & gut bacteria Ants, aphids & Acacia Cleaner shrimp & zebra fish

15. Termites and Gut Bacteria

16. Ants, Aphids & Acacia

17. Cleaner shrimp & zebra fish

18. Commensalisms (+/0) One benefits, the other is not affected –Examples Birds nests in trees Clownfish & sea anemone

19. Birds in trees

20. Clownfish & sea anemone

21. Parasitism (+/-) Type of predation One benefits, the other is harmed Parasite- benefits Host- is harmed –Examples Flea on a dog Tape worms Strangler fig tree

22. Flea on a dog

23. Tape worm

24. Strangler Fig Tree

25. Relationships between organisms… Symbiotic Competition

26. combat between organisms that share an environment Compete for: –Food & water –Shelter –mates

27. So how do we get competition? When niches overlap Two kinds of competition –Interspecific –Intraspecific

28. Interspecific Between two or more different species

29. Intraspecific Between the same species

31. Energy Flow and Food Webs Chapter 2.2

32. “Should know” terms: Producers Consumers Autotroph Heterotroph Definitions & examples?

33. More “should know” terms Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Decomposers –Break down plant & animal remains –Recycles nutrients in ecosystem Detrivores –Eat “garbage” of ecosystem Definitions & examples?

34. Trophic (consumer) Levels Tertiary Consumers Secondary Consumers Primary Consumers Producers Energy flow

35. Food Chains Organisms have varied diets –Can be second, third, or higher level consumers –Depends on # of organisms in food chain This is a food web -->

37. Food Web Interconnected food chains

38. Pyramid of Energy As you move up the pyramid, energy is lost Energy is lost as heat 10% of energy is transferred *greatest amount On bottom!

39. Pyramid of Biomass What is biomass?

40. Do Now: Compare!!!

42. Nutrient Cycles Biogeochemical cycles –Cycle of materials between living things and the environment Water cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle Chapter 2.3 What is a nutrient?

43. Water Cycle Cycling of water (H 2 O) between Earth’s surface and atmosphere

44. Carbon Cycle Carbon cycle –Plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis –Carbon returned through respiration

45. Video clip: Carbon-eating algae http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/ 2010/09/23/pleitgen.green.algae.filters.c nn?iref=videosearch

46. Nitrogen Cycle

47. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacteria (nitrogen-fixers) convert nitrogen gas to forms of nitrogen that can be used Example –Root nodules of a legume

48. Denitrification Process of returning nitrogen back to the atmosphere

49. Phosphorus Cycle Needed for bones, teeth, DNA & RNA Most from erosion & decomposition Short vs long term

50. End of Chapter 2 Work on p. 53 #1-11 Quiz Monday!