1. 10 th International Mine Water Association Congress “Mine Water & Environment”, June 2-5, 2008, Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic) AQUAGRID: AQUAGRID: A Problem Solving Platform for Contaminated Groundwater (1rst case study in a Sardinian mining area) L. Fanfani 1, R. Biddau 1, G. Lecca 2 & F. Murgia 2 giuditta@crs4.it 1 Department of Earth Science, University of Cagliari, Italy 2 Centre for Advanced Studies, Research & Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy

2. The GRID concept Grid technology has been defined as "the technology that enables resource virtualization, on-demand provisioning, and service (resource) sharing between organizations“. Plaszczak, Pawel; Rich Wellner, Jr. Grid Computing "The Savvy Manager's Guide". Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 0-12- 742503-9. virtual computer Perhaps one of the more accurate way to look at Grid computing is to visualize the network of geographically distributed systems in organizations working together to create a powerful “virtual computer”. Virtual Organizations Virtual Organizations accessing different and overlapping sets of resources beyond their administrative borders. The infrastructure provides unprecedented access and control over computational applications and data resources not only within the network but also across the federated entities beyond their administrative borders.

3. Why GRID in Earth Science? Atmosphere Ocean Biosphere Cryosphere Coupled interdisciplinary processes Sub-surface complex modelling Complex web of sensor Optimal Trajectory First guess Complex data analysis Noisy observations Earth Science features: division into many disciplines various spatio-temporal scales different data sources Data Delugeexplosion of data (Data Deluge) skills & tools widely scattered …. Earth Science needs: near real-time access to data large-scale computing models for complex applications (processing & data-intensive) compliance to policies on resources (e.g. role-based access to data) …. Grid paradigm is well suited for Earth Science !

4. GRIDA3 Shared Resources Manager for Environmental Data Analysis and Applications ( GRIDA3 ) A problem-solving Grid platform for the integration, through a computing portal, of human know-how, simulation software, HW resources & instrumentation for data storage, communication, visualization & computation in Earth & Environmental Sciences. GRIDA3 is a 3-year project (2006-2009) financed by the Italian Ministry of Research & Education. Partners:  CRS4,  Nice srl,  University of Cagliari. GIS Meteorology Subsurface Hydrology Subsurface Hydrology Site Remediation Site Remediation Geophysical Imaging Geophysical Imaging Infrastructure User Interfaces Grid Portal APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Simulation Portal http://grida3.crs4.it/enginframe/grida3/index.xml http://grida3.crs4.it/enginframe/grida3/index.xml Wiki (e-collaboration & project information) http://grida3.crs4.it AQUAGRID

5. open source Enabling technologies (open source): CODESA-3D, geochemistry USGS-PHREEQC  interactive simulation tools based on complex non linear models (e.g. hydrogeology CRS4-CODESA-3D, geochemistry USGS-PHREEQC); PEST  optimization engines to rank optimal solutions (PEST); geo-databasePostgreSQL/PostGIS  geo-database for data storage & spatial analysis (PostgreSQL/PostGIS); Web-GISmashups  Web-GIS & Google map mashups for spatial data rendering & visualization. open source Enabling technologies (open source): CODESA-3D, geochemistry USGS-PHREEQC  interactive simulation tools based on complex non linear models (e.g. hydrogeology CRS4-CODESA-3D, geochemistry USGS-PHREEQC); PEST  optimization engines to rank optimal solutions (PEST); geo-databasePostgreSQL/PostGIS  geo-database for data storage & spatial analysis (PostgreSQL/PostGIS); Web-GISmashups  Web-GIS & Google map mashups for spatial data rendering & visualization. AQUAGRID: protection of groundwater resources Major fields of application: cost-effective remediation scenarios  planning of cost-effective remediation scenarios;  design of optimal aquifer development schemes; monitoring networks  design of monitoring networks; risk analysis  soil and water risk analysis assessment:  …. compute-grid compute-grid infrastructure via EnginFrame compute-grid compute-grid infrastructure via EnginFrame data-grid data-grid infrastructure via SRB/iRODS data-grid data-grid infrastructure via SRB/iRODS “what if…?” scenario environmental manager

6. PHREEQC service “Application Management”:1. 2. visualize PHREEQC service “Application Management”: 1. select a pre-compiled demonstrative case study, 2. run the simulation, visualize and download input/output data. CRS4-CODESA-3D hydrogeological service: CRS4-CODESA-3D hydrogeological service: coupled groundwater flow and miscible contaminant transport 3D-model (non-reactive). The AQUAGRID simulation portal PHREEQC service “New Location”:1. 2. PHREEQC service “New Location”: 1. insert user-provided geochemical data of aqueous solutions, 2. run the simulation and download results. “MACRO” SERVICES “MACRO” SERVICES: Future developments will allow the coupling of the hydrogeological and geochemical services into groundwater flow & contaminant reactive transport 3D model a complex groundwater flow & contaminant reactive transport 3D model. USGS-PHREEQC geochemical service: USGS-PHREEQC geochemical service: Speciation, Batch- Reaction, 1D Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations.

7. The Iglesiente-Fluminese mining district was the prominent area for the exploitation of Pb and Zn in Italy. The deposits, located in the lower part of the Cambrian sequences, were intensely mined in the nineteenth century with a peak (>40 mines) in the 1950-decade. The closure of mining activity (1995) left large quantities of mine waste dumps and flotation tailings estimated at about 48 million m3. The district is now part of the Sardinian Geomining Park where environmental reclamation and socio-economical development were recently planned. comparison of the chemistry The impact of past mining activity on the quality of groundwater is described through a comparison of the chemistry of mine- influenced waters (adits and mine shafts, drainages from wastes and tailings abandoned on the ground) with springs and wells in the same area at sites relatively far from any mine legacy [Cidu et al., 2008 –in press]. Sampling campaigns were undertaken in 2005 and 2006. 1rst GRIDA3 case study: the Fluminese-Iglesiente district (SW Sardinia, Italy)

8. Physical-chemical parameters & concentrations of dissolved components Fluminese-Iglesiente district in sampled groundwaters of the Fluminese-Iglesiente district.

9. Case study selection and run submission

10. Checking the run status and simulation Input & Output inspection DONE After the simulation is DONE, user can inspect files directly on the Web browser and download input and output PHREEQC data sets for the selected case-study.

11. Correlation graphs of Iglesiente-Fluminese sampled groundwaters

12. Insert a new “location” and submit simulation

13. Final Remarks GRIDA3 project: provides a grid platform (network, compute- and data- resources) for the sharing and exploitation of complex environmental applications through a user-friendly web portal; is largely based on both in-house and third-party open source software, integrated by means of the Enginframe compute portal; is oriented towards strong integration of expertise from different disciplines (Earth Science, Environmental Engineering, High Performance Computing & Networking, Information and Communication Technologies).

14. Future developments Promote the adoption of GRIDA3 tools through the exchange/integration of ideas, solutions, technologies and methods (e.g geostatistical tools) with researchers/end-users from academic institutions and industry; Establish new European partnerships around Grid Services for environmental risk assessment and analysis (case studies, data and models are welcome).

15. Authors gratefully acknowledge project GRIDA3 (Prog. n. 1433/2006 MIUR) Díky! Vďaka! Thank you! Danke! Merci! Xiè_Xiè! Dyakooyu! Muchas Gracias! Obrigado! Arigato! Efharisto! Blagodaria! Grazie!

16. Environmental Modeling, Management & Planning Numerical application  input data  Pre-processing  Solver (simulation engine) and Optimizer  Post-processing  Visualization Numerical application  input data  Pre-processing  Solver (simulation engine) and Optimizer  Post-processing  Visualization Application developer Application developer Site 1 data-grid infrastructure via SRB/iRODS data-grid infrastructure via SRB/iRODS compute-grid infrastructure via EnginFrame compute-grid infrastructure via EnginFrame Data integration and problem solving  WEB collaborative environment  Customizable analysis tools  Problem solving driven by physical models  Web GIS (solver output, field data, maps…)  Decision Support System (DSS) Data integration and problem solving  WEB collaborative environment  Customizable analysis tools  Problem solving driven by physical models  Web GIS (solver output, field data, maps…)  Decision Support System (DSS) Site 2 Environmental engineer Environmental engineer