1. KELLY HAYDEN Applying GIS to Watershed Pollution Management

2. CAN GIS TECHNOLOGY BE USED TO SOLVE POLLUTION PROBLEMS? Purpose

3. Background GIS - Geographical Information systems Visually represents data using layers Low cost of operation Becoming widely used www.esri.com

4. GIS vs. Other Data Storage GIS has a large database Organizes data by any attribute Perform queries Creates layers from data Can see spatial relationships over time Uses models to go beyond original data

5. Non-point source pollution FertilizersAnimals www.featurepic.comwww.catchwordbranding.com

6. USING GIS-BASED HYDROGEOLOGIC MODELS Solving Pollution Problems

7. Hydrogeologic Models Input data Processes the information Outputs data for interpretation Application of GIS  Prepare input data  Retains spatial relations of data  Outputs visual representation  Easy to interpret the output

8. Flow Models Models create flow maps  Where water is and how it flows Groundwater time travel model  Velocity of water  Residence time SWAT - Soil and Water Assessment Tool  Effectiveness of existing pollution management

9. Flow Models Input data  Land use from remote sensing  Topography  Soil properties  Digital elevation models  Estimate hydraulic conductivity and gradient  Depth to watertable Digital Elevation Model Pandey et al, 2008 Leh and Chaubey, 2009 Soil properties layer

10. Flow Maps Uses  Delineate watershed  Locating source of pollution  Water quality sampling sites  Effects of management plans current and future  Create better management plans Flow map from groundwater time travel model showing residence time Schilling and Wolter, 2007

11. Vulnerability Maps Output is a map Ranks watershed areas by risk for contamination DRASTIC and EPIC models  Weigh input data by their influence

12. Vulnerability Map Input data  Land use  Depth to water table  Hydraulic conductivity  Soil properties

13. Mohammadi et. al., 2009 Vulnerability Map

14. Neural Network Model Complicated mathematical model Mimics neurons in the brain  Identifies complex patterns Weighs input data and their relations Predict pollutant concentrations GIS used to prepare input-output vectors GIS divides watershed into homogeneous zones

15. Neural Network Input data  Land use  Soil permeability  Hydraulic conductivity

16. Neural Network Models Classify areas by pollutant concentration Spatial data displayed by GIS Predictions are 74 % accurate Useful model because of small amount of input data Low cost compared to widely used transport models

17. Limitations of GIS-based Hydrogeologic Models Error from input data  Outdated information  Unavailable data  Estimated parameters Reduce error with field research Increases cost and time Error will lessen with time

18. Summary GIS is an effective means of solving pollution problems GIS can be used to run hydrogeologic models Organizes data Creates easy to interpret maps Aides management planning Can determine the effectiveness of management plans Accurate results Low cost Can make pollution management easier and more widespread

19. Questions?