1. November 2015 2015 1 Georgia Farm 2 Fly – Aviation and RSB Barbara Bramble – Chair of the RSB Board of Directors and Senior Advisor, International Wildlife Conservation NWF

2. Biofuels, Biomass and Bioenergy Land use change and conservation of biological diversity Water availability Invasive species as new energy crops Real carbon benefit? Social concerns – land and water rights, and others 2 Neither good nor bad by category It all depends – on how and where produced There are valid concerns – inadequate legislation Nov 2015 That’s why credible, practical, and affordable certification is crucial NWF supports RSB for this purpose.

3. Food versus Fuel is a Red Herring – Much Too Simplistic #I 3Nov 2015 Nature conservation, human habitation, etc. The real controversy is conflict over LAND and its many uses Land may be available Low productivity/degraded pastures and cropland can be restored But humans don’t have a good history of using land carefully Costs of land restoration often discourage investment Native prairies and rangelands are being turned into monocultures

4. Food versus Fuel is a Red Herring – Much Too Simplistic #II 4Nov 2015 Diversify crops and markets Give value to cover crops and residues Provide non-food, seasonally staggered sources of income Provide energy for value-added products (critical for smallholders and local communities) Stabilize grain prices – IF mandate for fuels is variable Food security can be INCREASED via biomass and biofuels

5. Residues can be Carefully Harvested – but Potential Impacts Remain 5Nov 2015 Harvesting during nesting, cutting stubble too short, chemicals Forestry and agriculture residue harvests should protect wildlife and habitat from Soil structure and carbon should be conserved How much residue should be left on the land? Use of cover crops and no till practices could maximize carbon retention But most farmers don’t use these yet Rules for these are uncertain/uneven

6. Biomass for Energy – More Controversies 6Nov 2015 Habitat loss – Bottomland Hardwoods and Longleaf Pine chipped up/for co-firing with coal Whole trees – carbon debt for decades masquerading as ‘carbon neutral’ (during precisely the near-term period where emissions must come down) Large scale power plants – may depend on huge “woodsheds” that exceed local residue capacity Threats Small diameter – use only thinnings and residues for energy/fuel Allow long-lived trees to continue sequestration until harvested for long-lived uses – housing, furniture, certain plastics Good forest management – FSC standard is RSB selection Solutions

7. RSB Stakeholders 7 120+ organizations from 30 countries including 30 NGOs 24/06/2015

8. RSB Principles and Criteria 8Nov 2015 Management and technical Legal LegalityLand rights Social Human and Labor Rights Rural and Social Development Local Food Security Environmental Biodiversity Conservation SoilWater/rightsAir Planning, Monitoring and Continuous Improvement Use of Technology, Inputs, and Management of Waste GHG emissions

9. Standard for Agricultural and other Residues Specific standard on residues and byproducts Including used cooking oil, animal fats, stalks/leaves, stover (corn stalks) Municipal solid waste, forestry operations Upstream verification for agricultural residues Ensure enough residues to maintain soil organic matter GHG emissions limited to transport and conversion to fuel Direct land-use change Specific requirements for palm oil and tallow.

10. Diversity of Feedstocks & Products Nov 2015© Copyright 2015 Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB)10

11. RSB Approach to ILUC – Low Risk Biomass 11Nov 2015 Problem: Indirect impacts occur when land or raw materials are switched from traditional use as food/feed/fiber to a new use – for bioenergy or biomaterials. One result may be that the market demands replacement products, which raises the price and induces invasion of additional production areas - the famous “Indirect Land Use Change.” RSB’s Solution: The Low Risk Biomass Approach Developed jointly with WWF International and Ecofys Encourages biomass production/processing which decreases the risk of displacement and competition with the food, feed and fiber sectors Designed as a built-in complementary module for RSB-certified companies who wish to demonstrate a low risk of creating indirect impacts.

12. Low ILUC Risk 12Nov 2015 1.Yield increase beyond the baseline or double cropping/no additional land conversion 2.Unused or degraded land restoration/avoid shifting cultivation and saves natural habitats 3.Wastes and residues/not requiring dedicated production from arable land 3 scenarios

13. SAFUG: Formed in September 2008; Active RSB Member Pledge to support verifiable sustainability metrics consistent with the RSB Principles & Criteria; 32 % of jet fuel demand IATA, Airbus, SkyNRG, South African Airways: Active RSB Members Boeing: smallholder programme ITAKA Project in EU: promotes RSB certification Commercial flights: KLM (2013) Nov 2015© Copyright 2015 Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB)13 RSB In Aviation

14. Aviation Industry Works with RSB 14 Global best practice – available around the world, for multiple feedstocks; complementary to national schemes Independent 3 rd Party Audits provide assurance of meeting standards – such as food security, biodiversity, land and water rights Promotion of Smallholder production RSB is leading a process of benchmarking with other credible standards Nov 2015

15. Achieving Impact South Africa/SAA Energy tobacco - ‘Solaris’ - Marble Hall, Limpopo Region Nov 2015© Copyright 2015 Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB)15

16. Final Message – Do More than One Thing at a Time 1624/06/2015 Waste treatment service – and get fuel MSW/Sewage/Algae-choked lakes Restore land to productivity – and gain fuel Cover crops and intercropping – several crops from the same land Numerous ways to produce food and fuel from the same land and resources Moderate intensification of cattle and sugarcane in Sao Paulo, Brazil So many smart projects solve more than one problem RSB recognizes these projects

17. Thank you! 17 Barbara Bramble, Chair of the Board bramble@nwf.orgbramble@nwf.org; +1 202 262 8236 Rolf Hogan, Executive Director Rolf.hogan@rsb.org http://www.rsb.org 05/08/2015