1. What is it and why is it important?
Running Analysis
What is it and why is it important?
A survey from runnerworld.com showed that 66% of runners had at least one injury in 2009 alone. As you know, to run well you need to have a number of key body systems working as one. What we intend to do today is highlight some common issues relating to the onset of injury in runners and how we/you can help to correct them
It is also important to consider the differences between men and women and when considering what injuries could affect each gender. Some key differences in incidence rates are.
Women are twice as likely to develop pfps and ITB friction syndrome
Women are also twice as likely to develop metatarsal stress #
Mens gastroc injuries make up 70% of all calf tears (poor hip e/more lover leg proplosion in men)
digital video analysis to record a patient running
Play back in slow motion and analyze motion more effectively and focus on what is happening at specific joints and points in the kinetic chain
Identify functional impairments such as muscle imbalances and/or poor pelvic positioning and technique/form faults
Good visual feedback for patient
Provides a comparative tool to track progress

2. STANCE AND SWING PHASES OF RUNNING.
Six phases in the running cycle
Can be divided into support and swing phases
Support describes weight bearing. Pelvic and core stability is important on the contact side
IC- adequate DF needed, glute and core stability
MSt- pelvic stab,, quad/hammy strength
TS/TO- calf strength, tib ant flexibility
IS- hip extension, hip flexor length
MSw- knee flexion, extensor flexibiltiy
TSw- DF, knee extension
Form faults- excessive trunk incline, fixed shoulders
STANCE SWING

3. GOOD RUNNING FORM: what to look for?
Minimal vertical displacement
Cadence
Lean forwards from the ankles
Foot strike beneath body
Compact arm positioning
Relaxed shoulder girdle
Minimal vertical displacement- For optimal performance and energy conservation
Focus on driving forwards, not losing momentum up and down
Optimal cadance is 180 steps per minute, this will ensure there is no over striding or shuffling
Foot should strike beneath the body for good COG, reduce breaking mechanism and GRF
Compact arm positioning to minimise trunk rotation and promote good posture
Relaxed shoulder girdle- posterior oblique sling

4. COMMON TECHNIQUE FAULTS
Component
Fault
Correction
Trunk incline/general posture
Excessive trunk lean forwards or backwards
General posture e.g. overextended
Slight forward inclination
“Imagine running into a stiff breeze”
“Ribs down”
“Chest out”
Arm swing
“Opening up” arm swing: arms > 90 degrees, or away from body
Hand grip tight
Arms close to body around 90°
“Hands to pockets”
“Potato chip hold”
Hip flexion/extension
Inadequate or poorly timed hip flexion/extension
Paw-back
Stride length
Over-striding: initial foot contact in front of body’s centre of gravity
Land with feet under body
Correct cadence
Foot strike
Heel-strike
Mid-foot strike
Excessive thoracic kyphosis or flexion at the hips can make it harder to breathe and decrease oxygen intake
Arm positioning above or below 90 degrees can cause altered trunk inclination and poor scapular positioning . Excessive abduction can lead to excessive trunk rotation which can affect the posterior oblique sling.
This causes braking and increasing ground reaction forces

5. FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS: POSTERIOR VIEW
Pelvis/hip/knee:
Pelvic heights
Femoral rotation
Hip/knee angle
Trendelenberg – a weakness of hip abductors (gluteus medius/minimus) on one side causing contra-lateral lateral drop of pelvis
Foot/ankle:
Normal pronation is 6-8 degrees with re- supination
Over pronation of ankle/foot – a rolling out of the heel relative to the leg +/- a collapse of the arch, leading to late re-supination for push-off

6. FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS: LATERAL VIEW
Pelvis/hip:
Normal anterior/posterior tilt – 11° anterior rotation, 15° with leg extension
Excessive anterior tilt of pelvis –muscle imbalances of the hip flexor/extensor muscles, reduced core control
Knee:
Excessive knee flexion in land
Poor strength/co-control of quads/hamstrings
Foot/ankle:
Dorsiflexion control
Listen for “foot slap”
Reduced control often from calf tightness +/- tibialis anterior weakness/poor control
Dorsiflexion control – increased impact up the shin/knee

7. COMMON RUNNNG INJURIES
Component
Common diagnoses
Possible impairments
Spine
Non Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP)
SIJ pain
Pelvic dysfunction
Rib pain/subluxation
Poor TVA/Oblique ratios
Imbalance through oblique slings
Hypomobile spinal segments
Poor spinal awareness
Tight and short H/S/QL/ES
Hip
Gluteal tendinopathy
High hamstring tear/ensethop’
Femoroacetabular imp’
Labral tears
Weak glutes (Neuro/Strength)
Tight ITB/Overactive TFL/ADD
Overactive and short H/S
Poor ant oblique sling co-ord
Knee
PFPS/ITBFS
Degenerative meniscal tears
Patella tendinopathy/bursitis
a/a
Weak or poorly timed VMO
Poor patella position/movements
Foot/Ankle
Plantar fasciitis
Achilles/Peroneal/Tib Post tendinopathies
Poor arch control/support
Poor footwear for level of intrinsic foot strength
Tight calves
LL biomechanic (check a/a)
Excessive thoracic kyphosis or flexion at the hips can make it harder to breathe and decrease oxygen intake
Arm positioning above or below 90 degrees can cause altered trunk inclination and poor scapular positioning . Excessive abduction can lead to excessive trunk rotation which can affect the posterior oblique sling.
This causes braking and increasing ground reaction forces

8. REAL TIME ULTRASOUND IMAGING

9. VIDEO ANALYSIS

10. STRATEGIES FOR CORRECTING IMPAIRMENTS AND TECHNIQUE
Strength and/or endurance
Functional re-education
Part practice
Whole practice
Whole
side
step
Overpronation: muscles involved- abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, tib posterior, gluteus medius, soleus
These intrinsic foot muscles help to support the medial longitudinal arch. Working these muscles appropriately without compensatory use of other muscles is important with the exercises. Retraining the foot can be tedious but the stability is key as it is the first point of shock absorption whilst running. Slow the task down with a focus on control and higher exercise frequency of these muscles during the day.
Basic Training: - staggered stance, partial weight bearing, statci single leg balance and ankle stability
Functional training:- Dynamic single leg balance and ankle stability
Side:
Clam shells
Alternate arm/leg extensions
TVA isometric contractions
Supine leg lifts
Stand:
Pleas
One legged squats with pelvic control and TVA activation
Paw back
Dynamic arm swing with theraband and scap neutral
Lean forwards from ankles- stiff breeze
Step
Step ups
Step down decline
High knees
Kick backs with theraband
Whole- treadmill practice
stand

11. QUESTIONS?