1. Grammar 2 The Second Semester 2015-2016 Place & Position Presented by Dr. Mohamed Sha’at

2. Objectives of the Session Students are expected to: -Use prepositions of place and position correctly. -Complete some sentences with correct preposition.

3. Note the difference between the use of in, inside, out & outside: 1- In describes something contained by something else. There are some cups in the cupboard. 2- Inside has the same meaning but is used for emphasis. Luckily, there was nobody inside the building. 3- Out means ‘away from the inside’ and ‘not in the place’. Kate is not here. Right now. She is out. 4- Outside means ‘out of a particular room or building, but still near it’. Kate is outside in the garden. I’ll just call her.

4. Consider the following expressions with ‘in’, p. 116. 1- My parents are in Canada at the moment. 2- My sister lives in Madrid. 3- Jack lives in Garden Avenue. 4- She was walking in the road. 5- Tony could see his face in the mirror. 6- There was a hole in my shoe. 7- Ali had a bunch of flowers in one hand. 8- She sat in an armchair. 9- Paul and Mary live in the country, not in the city. 10- Sally is ill and is in hospital. 11- Keith stole some money and ended up in prison.

5. The preposition ‘on’ ‘On’ describes a thing touching the surface of another thing. - Don’t leave your bag on the floor. - There was a photo on the wall. There are many expressions with on. 1- The were few passengers on the plane/bus/train. 2- She sat on a chair. 3- What’s on television/the radio today? 4- Let’s hang this picture on the wall. 5- Tim cut his foot on a piece of glass. 6- There’s a cinema on the left/right. 7- There are small houses on this side of the street. 8- She was walking in the garden, not on the pavement.

6. At, in or to? P. 117 At and in are both used to describe a person’s position. At shows a general location at a point or place. In is used with the name of a container, place or area to show that something or someone is inside it. 1- We met at the airport. (the place in general) 2- We met in the airport building. (inside the building) 3- I’ll see you at the cinema. ( the place in general) 4- I’ll see you in the cinema. (inside the building) 5- We arrived at Prague Airport. (the place) 6- We arrived in Prague. (the city).

7. Note that ‘to’ is used with verbs of motion. 1- Last night, we went to the cinema. 2- Could you take this letter to the post office. 3- I sent a parcel to my sister. Consider the following expressions with ‘at’ and exemplify sentences that include them. 1- at the beginning/the end 2- at the front/the back 3- at school 4- at home 5- at work

8. Above/below, over/under Above/below mean higher/lower than. They can be used without an object. 1- You can see the top of the tower above the tree. 2- From the mountain, I could see the lake below. Over/under mean directly above/below. They both need an object. 3- The alien spaceship hovered over the building. 4- I keep my suitcase under my bed. Over can also be used like ‘across’ or ‘covering’. 5- There is a footbridge over the motorway. (across) 6- There was a plastic sheet over the hole in the roof. (covering)

9. Next to, beside, near and by. Next to and beside have the same meaning, at the side of. However, beside can be more formal. 1- Maria sits next to Paula. 2- Come and sit beside me on the sofa. ‘Near’ means ‘close to’ and ‘by’ means ‘at the side of’ and is often used in description of rooms. 3- Tom’s house is near the sports center. 4- There was a table by the window. 5- We had a holiday near the sea. Opposite means exactly on the other side of a space. 6- There is a baker’s opposite our house.

10. Now it’s your role to do the exercises pp. 118-119 Good Luck.

11. Polling How can you grade this meeting? A = excellent, B = very good, C = good or D = fair.

12. Dr. Mohammed Sha’at