2. TIPS As a rule, reading work should begin with a general or global understanding of the text, and then move to smaller units such as paragraphs, sentences and words. --- Eddio Williams

3. 主旨概括 细节理解 语意猜测 推理判断 文章体裁 文章体裁 文章体裁

4. Main Idea/Best Title Tips: Not too general, not too specific ! Question forms: 1. The main idea/key point/purpose/subject matter of this passage is that _________. 2. From the passage we learn/can conclude that ________. 3. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _________. 4. What’s the best title/headline for the passage? 5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

5. Sometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic(key) sentencethe first sentence Sometimes the last sentence is the topic (key) sentence Sometimes the topic(key) sentence is in the middle of a passage Sometimes you have to put several key sentences together to get the main ideaput several key sentences together Sometimes you can’t find the topic(key) sentence in the passage. You have to sum it up yourself.sum it up yourself Skills: Find out topic/key sentences // High frequency words

6. Read the following passage quickly to determine its main idea. Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. It’s usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late at night because in some places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry Large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fare’s value.

7. We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of nature ’ s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America ’ s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes. All this upset the area ’ s balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake. topic sentence

8. Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world. topic sentence ________________________________________________ ____________________________________

9. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin ’ s grand entrance for a long time! topic sentence

10. When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down. topic sentence

11. The states in the northeast are known as New England. They are small in area. Even so, several of these states have many people. Most of the people live in southern New England. Many live along the Atlantic Coast. Brief introduction to New England. topic sentence

12. Asian countries continue to find better ways to solve their pollution problems. Singapore introduced a Corrective Work Order campaign. C.W.O. requires those people who like to throw waste materials in a public place to do public service. They must clean beaches, parks and housing developments. As a result, rubbish has decreased. Thailand uses fear to control throwing away rubbish. A rich Thai woman designed “magic eyes” to encourage people to protect the surroundings. The eyes were put up in schools and on every street corner. Certainly the most expensive plan is Japan’s large vacuum. This vacuum will operate along Osaka’s dirtiest road. The vacuum sucks up the air and makes it clean. The best tile for this passage is ________. A. Asian plans for pollution B. Air pollution in Asia C. How to solve the problem of air pollution D. How to make the air clean

13. 利用 What, who, how,when, where how many, how much 等提出问题 细节理解题

14.  Read the questions and find out key words  Find out related sentences  Compare the sentence with the choices and find the match one.

15. Indians likes to eat buffalo meat which has a strong taste. Today most people say that the taste of buffalo meat is too strong. Also, buffalo meat isn ’ t easy to chew even if it is cooked for a long time. Most people don ’ t like buffalo meat for ___________ reason. A. One B. two C. three D. four

16. Scientists would like to place a huge mirror in space above the earth. It might be 60 miles wide. It would be used to catch the rays of the sun. It would direct the sun’s rays upon the earth as a child might do to make the sunlight dance on the wall with a hand mirror. Why do they want to do this? The sun’s rays could be helpful in many ways. They could light up cities by night. The warm rays could stop frosts which might come at night and hurt fruit crops. They could melt dangerous icebergs in the ocean. Perhaps they could change cloud movements and bring rain where it it needed.

17. 1.The huge mirror would ________. A.stand 60 miles in height B. be 60 miles from side to side C. cover 60 miles of the earth D. be 60 miles above the earth. 2. The mirror would be used to______. A.Reflect sunlight B. absorb sunlight C. see what the earth looks like D. see how cloud move 3.The strong light from the mirror could possibly_____. A.Hurt fruit crops B. set fire to cities C. bring longer days D. shine through walls 4. The huge mirror is ______. A. Something in a story B. already made C. just an idea D. to be made soon

18. The Family History Library is open to the public every day except Sunday and some holidays. Visitors are invited to use its books and other materials. Library officials say it is one of the most popular places for visitors in Utah. About two thousand four hundred people use the library each day. Normally how many visitors does the library in Utah receive in a week?细节理解题 A. 2,400. B. 3,000. C. 14,400. D. 16,800

19. A radar set produces radio waves and gives them out into space by means of its antenna. When the radio waves get to an object, they will come back to the radar antenna. The radar set changes the radio echoes into an image. And from this image, we can find out the direction of the object and its distance from the set. How can the radar show us the distance to the object? Radio waves go out at a known speed --- about 300,000 kms every second. If the radio waves come back in 1/1000 second, then they have some 300 kms. So the object must be half that distance, that is, 150 kilometres away. Which of the following orders show correctly how a radar works? a. The operator determines the distance and the direction according to the image. b. Radio waves are sent out into space by radar. c. The antenna receives the radio echoes and changes them into an image. d. The image of an object is shown on the screen. A. a, d, c, b B. b, c, d, a C. a, b, d, c D. a, c, b, d

20. Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not. Jack London’s last days were ______. A. usual one B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones

21. Literal Comprehension Words in context: Guess the meaning of a new word or phrase Question forms:  The word “…” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _________.  The word “…” most likely means _________.  What do you think the expression “…” stands for?  By saying “…” we mean _________. 5. “…”, as used in the passage, can best be defined as _________.

22. TIPS: Words, like people, are frequently known by the company they keep. A word ’ s context or surroundings can provide clues to meaning. Skill: pay attention to guessing skills

23. Learning From Context Yesterday I got up at seven o’clock, I had a cheepice for breakfast and drank some teafiter. When we came near the school, the fastier suddenly stopped. I almost bumped into the person sitting in front of me. I looked out of the amfow to see what happened. I saw a hallipion running across the street, with something in its mouth. A man was running after it. It took me three weathies to get to school. When I was finally there, it was all very quiet. Class had already begun. What do you guess the underlined words mean? cheepice ------ a kind of food teafiter ------ a drink fastier ------ a vehicle amfow ------ window hallipion ------ an animal weathies ------ periods of time

24. Skills of guessing the new words: I. Guess from the definition II. Guess from synonym and antonym III.Guess from common sense IV.Guess from the context V. Guess from word formation

25. 1.They estimated that the earth was probably more than 10 millions years old. 2.Each year you grow physically-------you grow taller and heavier and you do more things than you could before. 3.If you keep bread too long, it becomes stale. 4.One day,when the father and son were bringing bags of refined sugar home on their donkeys, they had to gross a shallow river. When they were in the middle of it, one of the bags began to fall. 5.You can select any periodical to read: Reader, Harvest, Window of the World, Youth Digest.

26. 6. One of the strangest things that happened during the power-cut was that some fifty blind guided many sighted workers home. 7. Mr. Doodle is always busy in an ineffectual way; he spends hours running around accomplishing nothing. 8. It was a mistake,sir. We took your family name to be Jackson by mistake. A family name like Frank sounds odd to me.After all, we all humans will make mistakes. 9. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap ocean depths( 开发海底资源 ) and encourage the arts and commerce( 商业 ).

27. 1.As the disease develops to its advanced stage, the cancer is inoperable. 2. But the US insists that it has “solid” evidence that Iraq will deliver weapons of mass destruction. And Washington threatens to take military actions if Iraq fails to disarm itself. 3. Dick wanted to cut down a strong branch of tree with a knife but he failed. Then he sharpened his knife on a smooth stone and at last he succeeded in cutting off the branch.

28. Just back from a wonderful trip to China ------ my first trip, but I hope not my last. Only two weeks ago my wife and I were asking for suggestions from friends who have travelled in China, but now I am an “authority”, I can offer suggestions to those preparing for a trip to China. The word “authority” in the passage means ____. A. a person who knows how to travel in China B. a person who has the power to order the people about C. an expert in Chinese history D. an engineer who has built many bridges.

29. The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to patient’s heartbeat and breathing. Before that, a doctor did not touch a patient. In fact, there was no such thing as a medical examination. All treatment was the result of the patient’s telling the doctor what the problem was and the doctor’s being able to understand it. The stethoscope --- and all the other medical instruments ------ had a serious effect on the practice of medicine. Doctors became better at finding the medical problems. The word “stethoscope” refers to ______. A. an instrument for checking health condition B. a kind of medicine for treating cough C. a kind of heart disease D. a new medical treatment

30. Shanghai: Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads.Business people,foreigners and families are making good use of the growing industry. The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game,with wore than 11,500 cars in their books. The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons,coaches,Santana sedans are the big favorite. The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans”, and “station wagons” are used in the text refer to __________. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D.car makers C

31. Apples are different in color, size and taste. The color of the skin may be red, green or yellow. They have various sizes, with delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart. Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make apple sauce. Apples trees may grow as tall as 12 meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The word yielded in the last sentence means that ______. A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold

32. Precipitation, commonly referred to as rainfall, is a measure of the quantity of water in the form of either rain, hail, or snow which reaches the ground. The average annual precipitation over the whole of the United States is 36 inches. It should be understood, however, that a foot of snow is not equal to s foot of precipitation. A general formula for computing the precipitation of snowfall is that 38 inches of snow is equal to one inch of precipitation. Precipitation, or rainfall, in this passage means_______. A. the fall of rain B. the rain that falls to the ground C. the quantity of rain, hail or snow that reaches the ground D. the amount of water of rain, hail or snow falling in an area in a certain time.

33. The underlined word “formula” in this passage is referred to _________. A. snow that falls to the ground. B. the water coming from the fallen snow. C. a set form of words used for daily communication. D. a general law or rule used to work a problem out.

34. Two men who recently spent 5 days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber lifeboat with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this didn’t prove to be a problem. The man collected rain-water in the rubber lifeboat. And they had bought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it, “ate like kings.” When a passing tanker rescued them 5 days later, both men were truly sorry that they had to leave.

35. How do you understand the unlined sentence? A. One of them thought they must have meals in the same way as kings do B. One of them thought only kings could eat lobster and fish. C. One of them said it was easy for kings to eat lobster and fish. D. One of them took the meal for the ones only kings enjoyed.

36. When someone praises an American upon achievements or personal appearance ( Which, incidentally, is a polite thing to do), the American turns it aside. If someone says, “ Congratulations on being elected president of the club.” An American is expected to reply, “ Well, I hope I can do a good job.” or something of the sort. Or if someone says,” That’s a pretty blue necktie you are wearing.” an American is likely to say, “I’m glad you like it,” or “ Thanks”. My wife gave it to me for my birthday. “ The response (=answer) to a compliment seldom conveys ( make known) the idea, I, too, thinks it’s pretty good.” The underlined phrase “ turn it aside ” means___________. A. finds it unimportant B. responds to it immediately C. rejects( 驳回 ) it immediately D. feels angry about it

37. Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession"a bout five minutes"when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person.On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green,Luxmoore was shocked to realize that he had left it in the taxi. Without any delay,Green began calling every taxi company in the city,with no luck,"I've felt sick since then,"Luxmoore told reporters. According to Green.no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward( 励 )of1,000,Philadelphia gained another treasure for its history,and Luxmoore told reporters,"It's wonderful news. I'm on high". What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said "I'm on high"? A.I'm rich B.I'm famous C.I'm excited D.I'm lucky.

38. Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become "computer-literate." But not all experts ( 专家 ) agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer,in particular,who disagrees is David Tebbutt,the founder of Computer town UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer.David does not see it that way.He says that Computer town UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them"people-literate.“ We can infer from the text that "computer-literate" means ＿. A. being able to afford a computer B. being able to write computer programs C. working with the computer and finding out its value D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it

39. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to the idea that computer towns ＿＿＿＿＿． A. help to set up more computer clubs B. bring people to learn to use computers C. bring more experts to work together D. help to sell computers to the public

40. examples from 2005 NMET Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along high hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. (2005 全国 I) A. A drive through the town B. A race across the field C. A roundabout way of traveling D. A journey in the mountain area.

41. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60-90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. (2005 江西 D) A.Regular cutting of the plants B.Frequent watering C.Regular use of chemicals D.Growing the plants high in the mountain

42. “ The safety issue is a big one, ” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he was not alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer “ That ’ s Not a problem here. ” Mahoney began to feel uneasy. “ No crime whatsoever? ” comments Mahoney today. “ I just don ’ t buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S. department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campus. The underlined word “ buy ” means: A. Mind B. admit C. believe D. expect0 2005 山东 A

43. DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields ， But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. From the passage we know “ robotic vehicles ” are a kind of machines that ________ A.Can do effortless whatever tasks living things can B.Can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit C.Can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down D.Can move from place to place without being driven by human beings. (2005 湖北 D)

44. In the story these become love letters, burned by a cruel stepmother. Lauren ’ s best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. “ I ’ m in Charlotte ’ s story too, ” says Lauren, “ and I get run over. ” Charlotte ’ s tale was inspired by the girl ’ s coin collection. “ We ’ ve collected foreign coins for years --- since our families went on holidays to Tenerife, ” she explains. “ That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in. ” Lauren continues: “ I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I ’ m in hospital and then I die. ” Charlotte adds: “ Or she might not die. I haven ’ t decided yet. ” The underlined word “ pesetas ” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______: A.story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin 2005 湖南 B

45. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming, Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO 2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. The underlined phrase “ mopping up ” means: A: cleaning up B. taking in C. Wiping out D. giving out 2005 福建 C

46. Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power,commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can ’ t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. The underlined word “ cultivated ” roughly means: A.Encouraged B. compared C. Examined D. developed 2005 广东 B

47. (2005 浙江 B) Builders of eco-passages try to make them look like a natural part of an area of by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.catching When the writer says that animals seem “ to be catching on”, he means:_____ A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road. B. animals begin to learn to use eco- passages C. animals are crossing the road in groups D. animals are increasing in number

48. Text-based Inferential Comprehension Implied meaning Question forms:  It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _________.  Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?  The passage implies, but doesn ’ t directly state that _________.  The writer suggests that _________.  According to the author, which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?

49. TIPS: Put yourself in the writer ’ s shoes !

50. If I had to select a word that best describes the majority of American parents, that word would be GUILTY-RIDDEN( 内疚的 ).How sad it is to see parents become the willing victims( 受害者 ) of the “give me game”, only to discover that no matter what they do, it isn’t enough. In the end, they are blamed when their spoiled children get into trouble. With this in mind, I shall first answer the question: “ What do parents owe their children?” and I shall start with what they don’t owe them. The author’s attitude towards the parents is___ A.angry B. pitiful C. disappointed D. satisfied

51. The question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer should be treated with courtesy( 礼貌 ) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rush hour like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the disabled. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there calmly reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served”, while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

52. What is the writer’s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women? A. Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men. B. It is generally considered out of date for young men to give up their seats to young women. C. “Lady First” should be strictly practiced. D. Special consideration ought to be shown to them.

53. People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines ( 宗教圣殿 ). Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents( 居民 ) of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun!

54. 1.The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that ______. A. they want to see historic remains or religious spots B. they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs C. they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites D. they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home 2.According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists’ fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches? A. High costs. B. Crowded buses. C. Traffic jams D. Rainy weather.

55. My father, at the death of his father, was six years old, and he grew up without education. He moved from Kentucky to Indiana when I was seven. We reached our new home about the time the state came into the union. It was a wild area, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. I grew up there. There were some so-called schools, but what was required of a teacher never went beyond “reading, writing, and adding”. If a stranger supposed to understand Latin happened to live for a time, he was looked upon as a wizard ( 奇才 ). There was simply nothing to excite a desire for education. Of course, when I grew up, I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and add, but that was all. The advance I have now made is upon this store of education, which I have picked up under the pressure of necessity.

56. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the schools in the area ______. A. were of poor quality B. offered many kinds of subjects C. respected those who knew Latin D. hired teachers good at reading, writing, and adding 2. From the passage we know that the writer ______ at the time he wrote. A. had to learn to read, write, and add B. found it necessary to receive advanced education C. was probably fairly well-educated D. was dissatisfied with his level of education

57. Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them, it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions; he answers questions. He never says, “I don’t know.” I don’t know Mrs Neff. It seems that not many people know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right? Or maybe she is always wrong? Does she often break dishes or miss buses? Does she have problems? I wonder.

58. 1.Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait ( 特性 ) of Mr Neff’s character? A. He is a very wise man. B. He plans everything well. C. He is moral and upright. D. He is very satisfied with himself. 2.Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs Neff? A. She probably obeys her husband in everything. B. She probably feels very proud to be a help of her husband. C. She probably quarrels with her husband all the time. D. She probably feels happy to have such a successful husband.

59. 3.Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Mr Neff? A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr Neff. D. He does not like Mr Neff.

60. 文章体裁 1.This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with… 2. Where did this passage most probably appear? 3.The passage most probably is ______.

61. Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them. “To reduce pain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. 文章体裁

62. This text is most probably taken from a ______. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctor’s notebook D. bottle of medicine

63. Practice makes perfect!