2. Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From Myers, Psychology 8e Worth Publishers

3. Prologue: The Story of Psychology Psychology’s roots Early Science Contemporary Psychology Subfields Study Skills

4. 100 200 300 400 500 Psychology’s Roots

5. 100 200 300 400 500 Early Science

6. 100 200 300 400 500 Contemporary Psychology

7. 100 200 300 400 500 SubFields

8. 100 200 300 400 500 Study Skills

9. 1. Psychology is the scientific study of: A) the brain and mental processes. B) behavior and mental processes. C) behavior and emotions. D) observable behaviors.

10. 2. Plato concluded that: A) knowledge is innate. B) knowledge grows from experiences. C) fluid in the brain contained animal spirits. D) sensations and perceptions combine to form ideas.

11. 3. Socrates based his theories on ___; Aristotle on ____. A) dreams; mathematics B) observations; reasoning C) fact; ideas D) logic; data

12. 4. This philosopher would have fit best with modern empiricism. A) Plato B) Socrates C) Aristotle D) Descartes

13. 5. Aristotle and John Locke would have agreed that: A) personality traits are largely inherited. B) soul is separate from body. C) life experiences determine personality. D) observations are less important than logic.

14. 6. The first psychological laboratory was established by: A) John Watson. B) Wilhelm Wundt. C) Sigmund Freud. D) Jean Piaget.

15. 7. Which school of psychology attempted to identify the basic elements of the mind? A) structuralism B) functionalism C) behaviorism D) psychoanalysis

16. 8. Which research method waned in popularity because its results varied when employed by different people? A) random assignment B) introspection C) behavior genetics D) spaced practice

17. 9. Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on: A) adaptive value of conscious thought. B) component elements of sensory experience. C) disruptive effects of unconscious motives. D) treatment of psychological disorders.

18. 10. Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and define psychology as “the science of observable behavior?” A) Watson B) Titchener C) Freud D) James

19. 11. In order to evaluate various theories of human behavior, contemporary psychologists rely most heavily on the process of: A) introspection. B) psychoanalysis. C) natural selection. D) scientific observation.

20. 12. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian: A) chemist. B) physician. C) theologian. D) psychologist.

21. 13. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ___, but from the 1920’s into the 1960’s they focused on: A) environmental influences; hereditary influences. B) maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior. C) unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings. D) mental processes; observable behavior.

22. 14. B. F. Skinner dismissed the value of: A) science. B) introspection. C) empiricism. D) replication.

23. 15. 15. Innate ability is to learned skill as ____ is to _____. A) observation; introspection B) psychohistory; psycholinguistics C) nature; nurture D) functionalism; structuralism

24. 16. Which perspective is most concerned with the unique ways in which individuals perceive, think and solve problems? A) functionalism B) cognitive C) biological D) behavioral

25. 17. The survival of those best suited to the demands of the environment is called: A) Natural Selection. B) Behavior Genetics. C) Genetic Predisposition. D) Functionalism.

26. 18. This type of psychologist is most likely to assess and treat mental disorders. A) Counseling B) Developmental C) Clinical D) Personality

27. 19. A ____ gives psychological tests and performs psychotherapy, while the ____ diagnoses and prescribes medication. A) Counselor; Clinical Psychologist B) Clinical Psychologist; Psychiatrist C) Developmental Psychologist; Clinical Psychologist D) Psychiatrist; Psychologist

28. 20. These psychological specialists are most likely to be involved in applied research. A) Biological Psychologists B) Evolutionary Psychologists C) Personality Psychologists D) Industrial/Organizational Psychologists

29. 21. In the SQ3R method, the recommended sequence of study is: A) Read, Review, Recite, Question B) Study, Question, Read, Recite, Review C) Summarize, Query, Read, Review, Reflect D) Survey, Question, Read, Review, Reflect

30. 22. This practice promotes greater retention of information. A) Spacing your study sessions. B) Studying in the morning before breakfast. C) Cramming your study into one long “bash” just before the test. D) Listening to the material on tape while you are sleeping.

31. 23. In answering multiple choice questions, test takers should: A) check off the first answer that appears correct and never change it. B) always choose “all of the above” answer. C) recall the correct answer before reading the choices. D) carefully consider how each answer may be correct.

32. 24. According to the SQ3R method, the recommended sequence of study is to: A) Question what you have read. B) Question before you read. C) Question after your review. D) Question at the end, to ask your instructor.

33. 25. With regards to active listening, William James said, “No reception without reaction, no impression without…” A) Study. B) Knowledge. C) Expression. D) Intelligence.

35. Stop here, or continue as a review

36. 1. Psychology is the scientific study of: A) the brain and mental processes. B) behavior and mental processes. C) behavior and emotions D) observable behaviors 2

37. 2. Plato concluded that: A) knowledge is innate. B) knowledge grows from experiences. C) fluid in the brain contained animal spirits. D) sensations and perceptions combine to form ideas. 2

38. 3. Socrates based his theories on ___; Aristotle on ____. A) dreams; mathematics B) observations; reasoning C) fact; ideas D) logic; data 2

39. 4. This philosopher would have fit best with modern empiricism. A) Plato B) Socrates C) Aristotle D) Descartes 2

40. 5. Aristotle and John Locke would have agreed that: A) personality traits are largely inherited. B) the soul is separate from the body. C) life experiences determine personality. D) observations are less important than logic. 3

41. 6. The first psychological laboratory was established by: A) John Watson. B) Wilhelm Wundt. C) Sigmund Freud. D) Jean Piaget. 4

42. 7. Which school of psychology attempted to identify the basic elements of the mind? A) structuralism B) functionalism C) behaviorism D) psychoanalysis 4

43. 8. Which research method waned in popularity because its results varied when employed by different people? A) random assignment B) introspection C) behavior genetics D) spaced practice 5

44. 9. Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on: A) adaptive value of conscious thought. B) component elements of sensory experience. C) disruptive effects of unconscious motives. D) treatment of psychological disorders. 5

45. 10. Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processed and define psychology as, “the science of observable behavior”? A) Watson B) Tichener C) Freud D) James 7

46. 11. In order to evaluate various theories of human behavior, contemporary psychologists rely most heavily on the process of: A) introspection. B) psychoanalysis. C) natural selection. D) scientific observation. 9

47. 12. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian: A) chemist. B) physician. C) theologian. D) psychologist. 6

48. 13. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ___, but from the 1920’s into the 1960’s, they focused on: A) environmental influences; hereditary influences. B) maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior. C) unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings. D) mental processes; observable behavior. 8

49. 14. 14. B.F. Skinner dismissed the value of: A) science. B) introspection. C) empiricism. D) replication. 6

50. 15. 15. Innate ability is to learned skill as ___ is to ___. A) observation; introspection B) psychohistory; psycholinguistics C) nature; nurture D) functionalism; structuralism 7

51. 16. Which perspective is most concerned with the unique ways in which individuals perceive, think and solve problems? A) functionalism B) cognitive C) biological D) behavioral 11

52. 17. The survival of those best suited to the demands of the environment is called: A) Natural Selection. B) Behavior Genetics. C) Genetic Predisposition. D) Functionalism. 11

53. 18. This type of psychologist is most likely to assess and treat mental disorders. A) Counseling B) Developmental C) Clinical D) Personality 12

54. 19. A ___ gives psychological tests and performs psychotherapy, while the ___ diagnoses and prescribes medication. A) Counselor; Clinical Psychologist B) Clinical Psychologist; Psychiatrist C) Developmental Psychologist; Clinical Psychologist D) Psychiatrist; Psychologist 12

55. 20. These psychological specialists are most likely to be involved in applied research. A) Biological Psychologists B) Evolutionary Psychologists C) Personality Psychologists D) Industrial/Organizational Psychologists 13

56. 21. In the SQ3R method, the recommended sequence of study is: A) Read, Review, Recite, Question B) Study, Question, Read, Recite, Review C) Summarize, Query, Read, Review, Reflect D) Survey, Question, Read, Review, Reflect 15

57. 22. This practice promotes greater retention of information. A) Spacing your study sessions. B) Studying in the morning before breakfast. C) Cramming your study into one long “bash” just before the test. D) Listening to the material on tape while you are sleeping. 16

58. 23. In answering multiple choice questions, test takers should: A) check off the first answer that appears correct and never change it. B) always choose “all of the above” answers. C) recall the correct answer before reading the choices. D) carefully consider how each answer may be correct. 16

59. 24. According to the SQ3R method, the recommended sequence of study is: A) Question what you have read. B) Question before you read. C) Question after your review. D) Question at the end and ask your instructor. 16

60. 25. With regards to active listening, Williams James said, “No reception without reaction, no impression without…” A) Study. B) Knowledge. C) Expression. D) Intelligence. 16

61. Answers 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C

62. Acknowledgements Step Up Created by: –John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition by David Myers Published by Worth Publishers, 2006