Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that fight off foreign substances.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that fight off foreign substances."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that fight off foreign substances

2 DISEASE: ● Any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body.

3 PATHOGEN ● Any disease causing agent ● Diseases caused by pathogens are called infectious disease.

4 TYPES OF DISEASES: Some are produced by ● outside agents o Bacteria, fungus, virus ● Environmental Factors o Cigarette smoke, toxins ● Inherited o Hemophilia

5 Agents of Disease: ● VIRUS : VIRUS o tiny particles that invade and replicate within living cells. o Attach to surface of cells and inject their genetic material (DNA) which takes over the cell  Causes the common cold, influenza, chicken pox and warts.

6 ● single-celled organisms o Cause disease by  Breaking down tissue of infected organism for food  Releasing toxins that harm the body  Tuberculosis, meningitis, botulism, anthrax Bacteria

7 Protists ● any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus o Cause numerous infectious diseases including malaria, dysentery and African sleeping sickness

8 Worms ● Flatworms and roundworms o Ingested- infected food o Flatworms from streams Infection with Loa Loa is spread by biting mango flies

9 Fungi Some can attack the skin causing ringworm and athletes foot

10 How diseases are spread: ● Inherited ● Vectors – organisms that carry disease causing agents ● Sexually transmitted

11 The Immune System ● the body’s main defense against pathogens ● “remembers” each type of pathogen that enters the body ● IMMUNITY: the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease

12 Fighting Infectious Diseases: ● Nonspecific defenses: do not discriminate between one threat and another. ● Specific Defenses attack particular disease causing agents

13 Nonspecific Defense: First line of defense ● THE SKIN – the body’s most important line of defense ● Mucus, saliva, tears- contain enzymes to break down the cell walls of many bacteria ● Stomach acid – destroy pathogens that make it as far as your stomach

14 Nonspecific Defense: Second line of defense ● INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection o The presence of pathogens triggers the production of millions of white blood cells to fight the infection.

15 Inflammatory response

16

17 Specific Defenses or Immune Response: The reaction of the body to particular pathogens ● ANTIGEN: substance that triggers an immune response.

18 ● proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. ● carried through the bloodstream to attack the pathogen causing the infection. Antibodies:

19

20 T cells : ( a type of White Blood Cell ) provide defense against abnormal cells and pathogens ● Killer T cells track down and destroy bacteria, fungi, or foreign tissue that contains an antigen. ● Helper T cells produce memory cells that “remember” the antigen if it enters the body again.

21 Killer T Cells

22

23 VACCINATIONS ● A weakened form of a pathogen to produce immunity ● Stimulates the immune system to create cells that are ready to produce specific types of antibodies

24 Immune System Disorders: ● ALLERGIES : an overreaction of the immune system to an allergen such as pollen, dust, mold or bee stings. ALLERGIES o Inflammatory response o Releases histamines that increase flow of blood and fluids to the infected area.

25 Autoimmune Diseases: ● When the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own cells. o Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis

26 AIDSAIDS: An Immunodeficiency Disease ●AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. ●HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus o destroys T cells so the body does not have the ability to fight off infections infection that.

27 Transmission of HIV ● Sex with an infected person ● Shared needles with an infected person ● Contact with body fluids of an infected person ● Infected mother to child

28 Prevention of HIV ● Safe sex ● Don’t use drugs ● Protect yourself from blood CURE for HIV ● No cure ● The virus mutates. It is drug resistant ● Treatments extend the quality & length of an infected persons life


Download ppt "THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that fight off foreign substances."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google