1. I. English Colonial Beginnings

2.  Early English attempts at colonization failed embarrassingly.  Sir Walter Raleigh and the Roanoke Island Colony, aka “The Lost Colony.” 1. England comes late to the party

3.  Population was mushrooming.  Enclosure (fencing in land) for farming. This meant there was less or no land for the poor.  Primogeniture = 1st born son inherits ALL father’s land.  By the 1600s, the joint-stock company was perfected (investors put money into the company with hopes for a good return), being a forerunner of today’s corporations. 2. Second time is a charm – England is ready for colonies

4. 3. Reasons for Colonization  Economic  Overcrowding  Enclosure movement  Unemployment  Mercantilism  Religious  Spread Protestantism  Puritans and Separatists

5.  Royal colonies were owned by the king.  Proprietary colonies, (PA, MD, DE) Land grants from the British government to Individuals to supervise and govern, (usually in return for political or financial favors) These colonial governors reported directly to the king. 4. Three Types of Colonies

6.  Self-governing colonies (AKA Charter Colonies), including Rhode Island and Connecticut, formed when the king granted a charter to a joint-stock company, and the company then set up its own government independent of the crown. The king could revoke the colonial charter at any time and convert a self-governing colony into a royal colony.

7.  Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to make a settlement in the New World. It guaranteed settlers the same rights as Englishmen in Britain.  On May 24, 1607, 100 English settlers founded Jamestown (in a swamp)  Major Problems.  Swamp = poor drinking water, mosquitoes causing malaria and yellow fever.  Men wasted time looking for gold rather than doing useful tasks (digging wells, building shelter, planting crops),  There were zero women on the initial ship. 5. Hey look a Swamp!!

9.  Jamestown’s gold is found and it is tobacco.  Sweet tobacco = cash crop by Europe.  Jamestown had found its gold. (finally)  Tobacco created a greed for land, since it heavily depleted the soil and ruined the land. 6. Virginia: Child of Tobacco

10.  Representative self-government was born in Virginia, when in 1619, settlers created the House of Burgesses, a committee to work out local issues. This set America on a self-rule pathway.  The first African Americans to arrive in America also came in 1619. It’s unclear if they were slaves or indentured servants 6A Virginia self government

11.  Religious Diversity  Founded 1634 by Lord Baltimore  Maryland 2 nd plantation colony and 4 th overall colony to be formed.  Founded to be a place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven.  Lord Baltimore gave huge estates to his Catholic relatives, but the poorer people who settled there where mostly Protestant, creating friction. 7. Maryland

12.  However, Maryland prospered with tobacco.  It had a lot of indentured servants.  Only in the later years of the 1600s (in Maryland and Virginia) did Black slavery begin to become prevalent.

13. Maryland CC ecil Calvert 22 nd Lord Baltimore 11 633 - Founds colony HH enrietta Maria (wife of Charles I) + Blessed Virgin Mary = Maryland SS t. Mary’s Township

14. 7A. Maryland and Catholicism  Minority in colonies  English Civil War  1642-1646  Catholicism banned  Maryland Toleration Act Maryland Toleration Act  1649  Freedom of worship to Christians

15.  Carolina was named after Charles II, and was formally created in 1670.  Carolina flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies, due to the port of Charleston.  Many original Carolina settlers had come from Barbados and brought in the strict “Slave Codes” for ruling slaves.  Rice emerged as the principle crop in Carolina.  African slaves were hired to work on rice plantations, due to (a) their resistance to malaria and just as importantly, (b) their familiarity with rice. 8. Colonizing the Carolinas

16. 8A. The Carolinas  Barbados  Limestone  Sugarcane  Slavery  1663 - Carolina chartered by 8 proprietors  1670 - Charles Town (Charleston) founded by Barbadians

17.  Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina  John Locke John Locke  1670  1712 – Split into North and South Carolina

18.  Many newcomers to Carolina were “squatters,” people who owned no land, usually down from Virginia.  North Carolinians developed a strong resistance to authority, due to geographic isolation from neighbors.  Two “flavors” of Carolinians developed: (a) aristocratic and wealthier down south around Charleston and rice & indigo plantations, and (b) strong-willed and independent-minded up north on small tobacco farms  In 1712, North and South Carolina were officially separated. 9. North Carolina

19. 10. Georgia  James Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe  Philanthropist (prison reform)  1732 – George II granted charter  Purposes  Refuge for debtors  Utopian experiment Utopian experiment  Secular  Enlightenment ideals  Defense against Spanish Florida  Utopia failed  (human nature can be a real bugger)  1752 – Oglethorpe abandoned charter

20.  iv. James Oglethorpe, He saved “the Charity Colony” by his energetic leadership and by using his own fortune to help with the colony.  All Christians, except Catholics, enjoyed religious toleration, and many missionaries came to try to convert the Indians.  Georgia grew very slowly.