1. Manifest Destiny and Native Americans

2. “Manifest Destiny” Coined in 1845 Belief that God had destined the U.S. to reach the Pacific Justified westward expansion Would require the subjugation of Native Americans and “taming” of the landscape Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way, a painting influenced by the idea of Manifest Destiny

3. Indian Removal Pressure increased on Native American territory Indian Removal Act of 1830 Forced relocation to Oklahoma Territory Trail of Tears A map showing the major tribes and the routes by which the government relocated them

4. 1851 legislation Placed tribes on reservations Designed to “protect” Native Americans from white settlement Strict regulation by federal government The Indian Appropriations Act Indian chiefs and U.S. officials on the pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota

5. The BIA and Assimilation Policies Bureau of Indian Affairs; food and medical supplies to reservations Boarding schools intended to assimilate children into “mainstream” culture Native American children at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania