1. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management1 PP6: Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management Yiannis Panagopoulos Hydrological Cycle in the CADSES Regions - HYDROCARE INTERREG IIIB CADSES Neighbourhood Programme ASSEMBLY OF PARTNERS: Wroclaw, Poland June 28th-29th, 2007

2. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management2 Objectives of PP6: Contribution to the reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the CADSES Region on a GIS frame and estimation of water budgets Installation and operation of a Telemetric hydro-meteorological network in the Kefalonia island - Training courses for technical personnel Contribution to the development of a common and homogeneous data – base for the CADSES area Analysis of the water resources management of the Ionian Islands under extreme situations (especially drought events) Planning of possible extensions of the project to other European areas

3. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management3 Study Area: Kefalonia Island The island of Kefalonia is the biggest of the Ionian Islands

4. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management4 General Characteristics of the study area  The climate of Kefalonia is Mediterranean with high relative humidity and high annual precipitation (more than 1000 mm)  The exploitable water is limited due to: - The uneven distribution of precipitated water during the year. - The particular geological conditions of the island (karstic systems of limestones). Great amounts of water are directly lost to the sea and cannot be pumped from the aquifers. The hydrogeological conditions of Kefalonia constitute the most interesting as well as the most difficult issue for investigation in the scientific field of hydrogeology in Greece. - Water quality problems mainly caused by sea water intrusion. Problems in covering irrigation needs and increased water supply (tourism) during summer – Import of water from other areas

5. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management5 ACTION 2.6 Extension of the drought bulletin and thematic maps, defined in the INTERREG IIC framework only for the objective 1 Italian regions, to the CADSES area and development of the statistical drought forecast. Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2007 PP6 contributes to this action by creating thematic maps for the Kefalonia Island with the use of GIS representing spatial variation of water availability, water quality etc. PP6 has collected and elaborated all the available meteorological data of the study area and has selected some indicative draught indices COMPLETED

6. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management6 ACTION 2.7 Month of startMonth of end 04/200612/2007 Review of the existing hydro-meteorological data for the area interested by the project. Definition of common and efficient techniques for the hydro-meteorological analysis and interpretation of data coming from different but complementary sources. PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens COMPLETED

7. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management7 ACTION 2.9 Purchase, installation and operation of Telemetering hydrometeorological stations for monitoring of extreme phenomena in real time. Related training activities. Month of startMonth of end 04/200612/2007 PP6 collects the meteorological data and cares for the appropriate maintenance of the meteorological network in Kefalonia. Storage of the collected data in the DATABASE in respect to data reliability, integrity, availability, security Update of technical report Planning for a future meeting (including training course) in Kefalonia

8. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management8 ACTION 2.10 Reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the NUTS II region GR22 on a GIS frame. Month of startMonth of end 07/200606/2007 PP6 further contributed to this action by reconstructing the hydrological cycle in Kefalonia with the use of the GIS-based SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in monthly basis. PP6 further contributed to this action by reconstructing the hydrological cycle in Kefalonia with the use of the GIS-based SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in monthly basis. Update of technical report Update of technical report New maps produced by the model representing spatial data New maps produced by the model representing spatial data

9. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management9 Main catchments  Determination of the four representative river basins of the island Total Area 230 km 2 Total Area 230 km 2 1.Paliki (20 km 2 ) 2. Agia Efhmia (57 km 2 ) 3. Sami (85 km 2 ) 4. Porou (68 km 2 )

10. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management10 ACTION 3.9 Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2006 Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological data of the NUTS II region GR22 (Ionian islands). Identification of appropriate methodologies for the assessment and management of the natural risks. The last deliverable 3.9.5. entitled: “methodologies for awareness and management of natural risks” was completely incorporated in Action 4.1

11. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management11 ACTION 4.1 Month of startMonth of end 08/200609/2007 Investigation of the relationship of hydro-meteorological data with the water resources in main Ionian Islands. Analysis of the water resources management of the islands under extreme situations (flood and drought events) PP6 contributes to this action by: PP6 contributes to this action by: Estimating drought indices in the study area in order to demonstrate the drought magnitude during the dry period Estimating drought indices in the study area in order to demonstrate the drought magnitude during the dry period Reconstructing the hydrological cycle together with the water budget estimation (water use in the study area) by implementing the GIS-based SWAT model. Reconstructing the hydrological cycle together with the water budget estimation (water use in the study area) by implementing the GIS-based SWAT model. Estimating water deficits per catchment of the Kefalonia island Estimating water deficits per catchment of the Kefalonia island Propose solutions for sustainable water resources management in the island Propose solutions for sustainable water resources management in the island

12. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management12 Meteorological Draught Dry index of De Martone Pε and Τε are the monthly precipitation depth (mm) and air temperature ( o C). in monthly basis Average Monthly Values for the Period 1970-2005 October37.67April25.30 November73.19June7.24 December80.21July2.51 January65.50Augaust3.83 February58.75September3.97 March37.25November15.83 Critical Value : 10

13. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management13 SWAT model SWAT model (1) A physical deterministic continuous water balance model. A physical deterministic continuous water balance model. It divides the watershed into homogeneous parts (land uses- soils) in order to make accurate estimations of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, infiltration e.t.c.. It divides the watershed into homogeneous parts (land uses- soils) in order to make accurate estimations of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, infiltration e.t.c.. It simulates completely the hydrological cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation to deeper layers, surface runoff, baseflow e.t.c) It simulates completely the hydrological cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation to deeper layers, surface runoff, baseflow e.t.c) It operates in a daily basis but also produces monthly and annual results by summing up daily values It operates in a daily basis but also produces monthly and annual results by summing up daily values http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat/

14. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management14 SWAT model SWAT model (2)

15. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management15 Main land uses in Kefalonia catchments

16. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management16 Water demands in each summer month Catchment Inhabitan ts Consumption (lt/day/person)Irrigation (mm)Total (m^3) Paliki10002501502557500 Agia Efimia1000250501157500 Sami250025050118750 Porou250025050768750

17. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management17 Main geological formations in Kefalonia catchments

18. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management18 Water Deficit in Summer By making approximations of the water percolation to the deep aquifer (lost from the system) we estimated the exploitable by pumping water in the shallow aquifer. By making approximations of the water percolation to the deep aquifer (lost from the system) we estimated the exploitable by pumping water in the shallow aquifer. We assigned percolation coefficients in limestones 0,4 - 0,7 based on hydrogeological studies of the wider area. We assigned percolation coefficients in limestones 0,4 - 0,7 based on hydrogeological studies of the wider area. Very low river flows estimated by the model – ecological flows – not exploitable water. Very low river flows estimated by the model – ecological flows – not exploitable water. Exploitable groundwater is adequate to cover only the 40 – 60 % * of the water demands during summer in the four hydrological catchments of Kefalonia island. Exploitable groundwater is adequate to cover only the 40 – 60 % * of the water demands during summer in the four hydrological catchments of Kefalonia island. * We didn’t take into consideration the water quality – the exploitable water is even lower and needs are even less satisfied

19. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management19 Measures Rational exploitation of groundwater based on a well-organized and systematic pumping schedule. Rational exploitation of groundwater based on a well-organized and systematic pumping schedule. Construction of artificial detention basins in selected sites of the four catchments. Construction of artificial detention basins in selected sites of the four catchments. Changes in cultivation techniques (irrigation system) or cultivation of crops with limited water needs. Changes in cultivation techniques (irrigation system) or cultivation of crops with limited water needs. Reuse of water – irrigation with treated wastewater from households Reuse of water – irrigation with treated wastewater from households Desalination Desalination

20. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management20 ACTION 5.1 Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2007 Organization of conferences and seminars during the project duration to disseminate the obtained results. Preparation of publications both in paper and multimedia formats. Development and maintenance of a web-site containing all the information regarding the project PP6 contributes to this action by: organizing public events – or educational events organizing public events – or educational events preparing scientific papers preparing scientific papers planning a meeting in Kefalonia island in Septemberwith the participation of the local authorities and PP3 planning a meeting in Kefalonia island in September with the participation of the local authorities and PP3

21. HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management21 Thank you for your attention!