1. Chapter 8, Section 3

2. Daimyo – people who owned large areas of land. Samurai – trained, professional warriors hired to defend the daimyo and his property.

3. Wore light armor and fought with swords and bows. Came from noble families and inherited their positions from their fathers. Served their lord (daimyo) and the emperor. Daimyo paid them in food (rice), or if the samurai was very powerful he was given land. Peasants worked on the land and gave the samurai food or money.

4. Nobles got tired of the way the emperor ran Japan. Strong clans fought for power, and in the end the Minamoto clan won and took over Japan. The emperor became a figurehead, someone who appears to rule, but doesn’t. Shogun is a general who ruled Japan for the emperor.

5. Enjoyed many privileges and were treated with respect. Disrespecting a samurai resulted in death. Samurai could not go to theater or have a business (trade or commerce).

6. Samurai code of rules. Had to be brave and honorable. In a samurai family, both men and women learned to fight, but only men went to war. Practiced self-discipline and were loyal to their lord. Flower arranging, tea ceremonies, grew bonzai trees. Loss of honor = suicide

7. Bushido influenced Japan – discipline and dedication are still admired. Loyalty and honor are still important today.

8. 1274 – Mongols invade Japan, but lose because of a huge storm. 1281 – Mongols try again, but lose because of a huge storm. Kamikaze – divine wind. Nobles became unhappy with the shogun because they didn’t feel they got enough credit for their effort.

9. The emperor got tired of having no control, so he fought the shogun. The diamyo got tired of the shogun controlling them, so they rebelled. By the 1400s the shoguns and emperor had no power, and the daimyo each controlled their own territory.

10. In the 1500s new leaders fought to unify Japan. Oda Nobunaga used guns from Portugal (new to Japan) to fight for control. 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu became the shogun ruler. The Tokugawa shogunate (clan) ruled Japan until 1868.

11. At first, the Japanese traded with other countries, and Christian missionaries lived in Japan. In the 1630s the shogun closed Japan off from the rest of the world, banned guns and trade. This allowed the samurai period to last until the 1800s.