1. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev1 Requirements for Site Selection and Final Documentation Approval under the Bulgarian Legislation

2. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev2 Content n Part I n Applied provisions n Interconnection between the Internal and International Rules n Part II n Requirements for Site Selection Under the Bulgarian Legislation

3. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev3 Part I n Applied provisions n Interconnection between the Internal and International rules

4. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev4 n “Each Member State may decide on its energy mix in accordance with relevant national policies” n “When developing the appropriate national framework under this Directive, national circumstances will be taken into account.” - items 9 and 10 of the Preamble to the Directive EU Directive 2009/71/EURATOM establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations

5. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev5 EU Directive 2009/71/EURATOM “Member States should assess, where appropriate, the relevant fundamental safety principles set by the International Atomic Energy Agency which should constitute a framework of practices that Member States should have regard to when implementing this Directive.” –item 13 of the Preamble to the Directive

6. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev6 EU Directive 2009/71/EURATOM The principle of freedom of the decision mentioned corresponds to: – the principle of national responsibility of Member States for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations representing the fundamental principle on which nuclear safety regulation has been developed at international level –the principle of prime responsibility of the licence holder for the nuclear safety of a nuclear installation under the supervision of its national competent regulatory authority

7. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev7 EU Directive 2009/71/EURATOM consequently Nuclear power plant approval is primarily a national responsibility At the same time Applied provisions at national level should be based on an international common basis which gathers together worldwide principles

8. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev8 IAEA IRRT MISSION For the Republic of Bulgaria this compatibility was generally confirmed by: n IAEA Full-Scope International Regulatory Review Team (IRRT) Mission to the Republic of Bulgaria in the area of nuclear safety and radiation protection conducted in the Republic of Bulgaria in June 2003 n A team of international experts from Europe, America and Asia conducted a review of the legislative framework in the country and made an assessment and evaluation of the practices and the effectiveness of the Bulgarian regulatory authority The Mission concluded that: The Mission concluded that: “The Republic of Bulgaria has made substantial progress in developing its nuclear regulatory system…the new Atomic Act together with the complementary statutory framework, incorporates all the legal prerequisites to provide for an independent sustainable Bulgarian nuclear regulatory system.”

9. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev9 Applied Provisions in Bulgaria n The interconnection between the internal and international rules is explicitly formulated in the permit for design issued for Belene NPP as follows: –the licensee should follow the Bulgarian legislation requirements –for the cases where there is no BG requirements - the respective IAEA requirements and standards should be followed –exception - application of standards and norms prepared on the basis of more conservative approach is allowed, but if the conservatism is justified by the designer

10. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev10 Applied provisions at national level n Main instruments to regulate the activities connected with site selection according to the permit for sitting issued by the NRA Chairman: –Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (Nuclear act) –Regulations n Regulation on the Procedure for Issuing Licenses and Permits for Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (adopted May, 2004) n Regulation on Ensuring the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants (adopted July, 2004)

11. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev11 Applied at international level instruments International framework The Republic of Bulgaria is: The Republic of Bulgaria is: n Member State of the IAEA since 1957 n Member State of the Treaty on European Union and n Member State of EURATOM from 01 January 2007 from 01 January 2007 n Party to all international treaties and conventions connected with peaceful and safe use of nuclear energy (starting from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and finishing with the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management)

12. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev12 Applied at international level instruments n This membership determines the set of internationally agreed instruments to be applied where appropriate within the process of licensing a new NPP n European Community Law –Regulations (applied directly) –Directives (to be introduced into the national law) n The International Nuclear Conventions (they have priority over the internal law) n IAEA guidelines (very important in spite of the fact that they do not represent a direct source of law)

13. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev13 Applied at international level instruments n Other similar international organizations generating nuclear guidelines n Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) n The Western European Nuclear Regulators Association (WENRA) n European Utility Requirements for LWR Plants (EUR)

14. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev14 EUR CERTIFICATION OF DESIGN FOR BELENE NPP April 24 2007

15. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev15 IAEA GUIDELINES APPLIED TOWARD SITE SELECTION FOR NPP n Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations, Safety Requirements No. NS-R-3 IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-R-3 n Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.6

16. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev16 IAEA GUIDELINES APPLIED TOWARD SITE SELECTION FOR NPP n Meteorological Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.4 n Evaluation of Seismic Hazards for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.3 n External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.1

17. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev17 IAEA GUIDELINES APPLIED TOWARD SITE SELECTION FOR NPP n Dispersion of Radioactive Material in Air and Water and Consideration of Population Distribution in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.2 n Flood Hazard for Nuclear Power Plants on Coastal and River Sites, Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.5 n Draft Safety Standard DS405 - Volcanic Hazards in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Instillations

18. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev18 IAEA Safety Standards on Site Evaluation REQUIREMENTS GUIDES SAFETY GUIDES

19. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev19 IAEA GUIDELINES APPLIED TOWARD SITE SELECTION FOR NPP  The activities are highly cross-disciplinary and relate to numerous technical and social issues  Site selection may include consideration of many economic, social and political factors, in addition to safety  The site selection process for a nuclear installation generally includes a site survey leading to one or more candidate sites, followed by a detailed evaluation of those sites n IAEA Safety Requirements and Guides address site evaluation, but not site selection

20. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev20 Part II n Requirements for Site Selection under the Bulgarian Legislation

21. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev21 REGULATION ON ENSURING THE SAFETY OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Published July, 2004 Defines: n basic criteria and rules for nuclear power plants site selection, designing, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning n administrative provisions for nuclear safety and radiation protection of nuclear installations n technical requirements for ensuring safety

22. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev22 REGULATION ON ENSURING THE SAFETY OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS n Chapter Three of the Regulation consists of requirements connected to SITE CHARACTERISTICS –General requirements (formulated as positive or negative conditions ) –Requirements for investigating n factors of natural origin - definition of tectonic characteristics, characteristics of the earth layers, maximum water level, tornado intensity and other factors of natural origin n human induced hazards – explosions, fires, release of explosive, inflammable, toxic gases airplane crashes floods resulting from failures of dams etc. n NPP impact on the population and the environment

23. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev23 Examples for Positive Conditions/Requirements Suitable for hosting of an NPP are sites that meet the following conditions: there is full compliance with the legislation on environmental protection and there is full compliance with the legislation on environmental protection and requirements on radiation, fire and physical protection requirements on radiation, fire and physical protection site is located within the boundaries of a tectonic block unaffected by capable faults and geodynamic zones site is located within the boundaries of a tectonic block unaffected by capable faults and geodynamic zones peak ground acceleration at the free field during earthquake determined with annual probability of exceeding 10-4, is less than 1 m/s2; peak ground acceleration at the free field during earthquake determined with annual probability of exceeding 10-4, is less than 1 m/s2; site flooding is impossible site flooding is impossible

24. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev24 Examples for Negative Conditions/Requirements n Unfavourable for hosting of a NPP are the sites located on/in: –territories of operating artesian pools and of intensive exchange between underground an surface water –tornado endangered regions –territories exposed to effects of tsunami-waves, disastrously high water levels or floods –territories that might be flooded by a wave resulting from dam failures –territories where NPP would be located on the side of the prevailing wind direction with respect to already existing factories and towns –…..

25. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev25 General requirements Investigation and assessment of site characteristics n Examination has to be performed: –with regard to n frequency n severity of the event –for a time period encompassing the projected lifetime of the facility n External natural events or combination of events n population growth n population distribution n use of land and water n Additional factors related to safety n storage n transport of fresh and spent fuel and radioactive waste

26. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev26 General technical factors to be included in a site assessment n earthquakes n meteorological events n flooding n geotechnical hazards n external human induced events n atmospheric, surface water and groundwater dispersion of radioactive material n population distribution n uses of land and water in the region n ambient radioactivity

27. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev27 MULTIDISCIPLINARY ISSUES Site selection Includes different multidisciplinary issues: nuclear engineeringnuclear engineering geology, geophysicsgeology, geophysics radiological protectionradiological protection ecologyecology seismologyseismology hydrogeologyhydrogeology meteorologymeteorology soil mechanicssoil mechanics demographydemography emergency planningemergency planning

28. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev28 REGULATION ON THE PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING LICENSES AND PERMITS FOR SAFE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY n Published May 2004, n Defines: n issuing licenses and permits to natural and legal persons for performing activities for which licenses and permits are required according to the Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy n amendment, renewal, suspension and revocation of the licenses and permits issued

29. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev29 Documents to be attached to the application for a permit for site selection The following documents shall be attached to the application: 1. conceptual description of the nuclear facility, general characteristics and criteria for acceptability of the sites 2. requirements for preliminary investigations containing information about the scope of the envisaged pre-investment investigations 3. quality assurance program for performing the activity (quality guide) containing description of the main activities associated with site selection investigations, the methods for their execution and assessment, as well as description of the system for control and storage of documents

30. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev30 Documents to be attached to the application for an order for approval of the selected site 4. preliminary safety analysis report containing: a) general description and characteristics of the nuclear facility b) basic goals, principals and criteria for safety applied to justification of safety c) the types and quantities of RAW expected to be generated as a result of the facility operation, the mode of management until their final disposal or exemption d) comparison of the proposed sites from nuclear safety and radiation protection point of view and selection of an option, taking into account: - the impact of natural and human origin factors on the facility safety - the radiological impact of the nuclear facility over the population and environment - the specific characteristics of the site having an impact on the migration and accumulation of radioactive substances - potential for undertaking population protection measures in case of accident - the size of the special-statute areas and emergency planning areas

31. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev31 Documents to be attached to the application for an order for approval of the selected site e) the results of the investigation of the selected site characteristics, including: - geographic, topographic and demographic conditions - factors of human origin - hydro-meteorological conditions - geological, hydrological, seismological and engineer-geological conditions - the specific characteristics of the region and site for the purposes of emergency planning, accident management and physical protection - the specific characteristics of the region and site for the purposes of emergency planning, accident management and physical protection f) list of literary sources, containing data and information used for justification of the selected site g) list of the persons contributed to the preparation of the documentation and to site investigation, as well as data for their qualification

32. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev32 Documents to be attached to the application for an order for approval of the selected site n 5. on-site monitoring programs, including seismic monitoring, underground and surface waters monitoring and monitoring of other natural phenomena; n 6. decision on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) or a decision of a competent authority under the Environment Protection Act confirming that EIA is not necessary; n 7. program for implementing additional investigations connected with the selected site if the prepared safety analysis report substantiates such necessity; n 8. other documents confirming the compliance with the requirements of the regulations for the application of the ASUNE and with the conditions of the site selection permit.

33. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev33 Elements of the authorisations According to the BG legislation any authorisation, incl. the permit for site selection have to be composed by the following elements: Title page - specific data for the issuing authority, the licensee, the permitted activity, the legal grounds for issuing the document and the term of validityTitle page - specific data for the issuing authority, the licensee, the permitted activity, the legal grounds for issuing the document and the term of validity General and Special Conditions - specifying the rights and obligations of the licensee/permit holderGeneral and Special Conditions - specifying the rights and obligations of the licensee/permit holder Attachments - the most important internal documents presented by the applicant as a part of the applicationAttachments - the most important internal documents presented by the applicant as a part of the application * With the inclusion in the authorisation documentation those documents become obligatory for the licensee

34. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev34 Permit for site selection The permit for site selection: gives to the permit holder the right and the obligation to perform preliminary studies connected with selecting a site for a construction of an NPP including for performing safety assessment and the defining the design basis to specify the necessary capabilities of the plant to cope with all operational states and design basis accidents within the defined radiological limits for internal and external exposure of personnel and population and the limits for release of radioactive substances into the environment gives to the permit holder the right and the obligation to perform preliminary studies connected with selecting a site for a construction of an NPP including for performing safety assessment and the defining the design basis to specify the necessary capabilities of the plant to cope with all operational states and design basis accidents within the defined radiological limits for internal and external exposure of personnel and population and the limits for release of radioactive substances into the environment

35. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev35 For Belene NPP Issued so far n 14.12.2004 - permit for siting - specifies on the basis of the current statutory instruments the scope of the site investigations and the means for documenting the results n 21.12.2006 - site approval order n The site was approved on the basis of: –initially performed studies –additionally prepared technical analyses to confirm the licensability of the site under the new conditions, incl.additional geological surveys and analyses performed by Siemens KWU and Westinghouse ES on the seismic stability of site

36. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev36 Results of the IAEA Missions for Belene NPP 1991 –Design and Core Assessment Mission1991 –Design and Core Assessment Mission 1990 - Safety Assessment of the Belene NPP site1990 - Safety Assessment of the Belene NPP site 1997 – IAEA Seismic Safety Mission1997 – IAEA Seismic Safety Mission 1991 – PRE’OSART Construction Mission for Review of Project, Equipment and Management1991 – PRE’OSART Construction Mission for Review of Project, Equipment and Management 1993 – Local and Seismic Safety Assessment Mission1993 – Local and Seismic Safety Assessment Mission Main Conclusion of the IAEA Final Mission: In terms of seismotectonic and seismic hazard there are no excluding conditions for the construction of a Nuclear Power Plant on the Belene NPP siteMain Conclusion of the IAEA Final Mission: In terms of seismotectonic and seismic hazard there are no excluding conditions for the construction of a Nuclear Power Plant on the Belene NPP site

37. EC Approaches Workshop 2010 Kiev37 Notification under the EURATOM Treaty ( art. 41 to 44) On 27 February 2007 a notification about constructing a new nuclear power plant was submitted to the EC by the Bulgarian side On 27 February 2007 a notification about constructing a new nuclear power plant was submitted to the EC by the Bulgarian side Following analysis and extensive discussions, the Commission concluded on 7 December that:Following analysis and extensive discussions, the Commission concluded on 7 December that: all aspects of this investment were in line with the objectives of the Treaty all aspects of this investment were in line with the objectives of the Treaty