1. The Incas
Miss Bennett

2. Introduction Started in present-day Peru 1400s C.E.
Developed in Andes Mountains (South America)
Lasted until 1532
Stretched for over 2,500 miles
Chasquis: Incan messengers used to carry messages
Rise of the Incas

3. Three different civilizations, three different locations

4. Rise of the Inca Empire Adopted ideas of earlier cultures
Moches (100 B.C.E- 700 C.E.)
Built cities, dug irrigation canals, developed social classes
Chimus (1300s-1400s)
Built cities, irrigation, preserved art traditions of the Moches

5. Beginnings of the Empire
Capital: Cuzco, high up in mts. of Southern Peru
First settled around 1200 C.E.
Began expanding empire in 1438
Attacked by Chancas
Yupanqui (Pachacuti) led them to victory
Pachacuti expanded empire
By 1500s, their empire covered 350,000 sq. miles!
Horrible Histories: Pachacuti
Statue of Pachacuti

6. GO FORMATIVE BREAK
STOP! Use your device and answer question number one under Incas Notes assignment.
Answer on a slip of paper: do you think Pachacuti was a quality leader? Why or why not?

7. Roads and Messengers Relied on a system of roads 15,000 miles of road
Inland road called Royal Road
15,000 miles of road
Shelter along road every miles
Allowed for trade, travel, communication
Sent messages through relay system
Messenger stations every couple miles
Chasquis carried messages
Messages could travel more than 250 miles/day
Message contained memorized words and set of strings called quipus
Quipus: set of strings, knots used to carry messages for the Inca
Knots tied at various places, different colors represented numbers
No system of writing

8. Class Structure Strictly organized
Three broad classes: emperor and family, nobles, commoners
“Incan by blood” – family originally from Cuzco
Incan Hole
Image of an Inca road

9. Class Structure Continued
Emperor
Sapa Inca
Descended from Inti, sun god
Complete authority
Luxurious life
Many wives and children, one primary wife: Coya
Nobles
Helped rule empire
All nobles had privileges
Not all nobles equal
Highest ranking: Capa
Hahua: considered “Incas by privilege”
Curacas: local leaders of conquered people
Commoners
Majority of population
Did not “practice” slavery, but required to support the govt.
Crops: squash, peppers, beans, corn, etc
Most important crop: potato
Required to give most of crops to govt.
Govt. gave food support to elderly/disabled

10. Go Formative Break
STOP! Use your device and answer question number two in the Inca Notes assignment.
No device? On your slip of paper, write a question you have about what you learned today.

11. Family Life Belonged to clans: ayllus
Ayllu: an Incan clan, the basic unit of Incan society
Did not own land individually, everything belonged to emperor
Paid taxes: mita
Commoner children: no formal education, learned skills
Noble children: special tutors for sons
Young men married early 20s, young women at 16
Inca Civilization

12. Inca Religion Very important Polytheistic
Supreme god: Viracocha, creator of the world
Other gods who controlled parts of nature
Sun god: Inti
Emperor descended from
God of Agriculture
Huacas ( WHAH-kuz)
Huacas: Sacred objects and places where Inca believed spirits lived
Drawing of Inca worshippers

13. Inca Religion Continued
Highly formal
Most important temple: Sun Temple
Regular sacrifices to the gods
Corn, live animals
Human sacrifices only on sacred occasions or natural disaster
Practiced divination (predicting future)
Women played important role
Chosen Women
Girls 8-10
Lived in convents
Left at age 15
Worked at temples, taught at convents, became wives of nobility, sacrificed at sacred events

14. GO FORMATIVE
STOP! Get out your device and answer question number one under Inca Notes: Day 2 assignment
No device? In your margins write out something you just learned about the Inca religion.

15. Inca Relations with Other People
Did not immediately declare war
Set up meeting with other tribe
Join the Inca empire or engage with us in war
Leaders allowed to keep local power
Build sun temple
Religious objects belong to tribe kept in Cuzco
Had to adopt Incan ways

16. Fall of the Inca Empire
Horrible Histories: Spanish Conquest of the Inca
Franciso Pizarro sailed from Panama to west coast of South America in 1531
Arrived after Inca civil war between brothers: Atahuallpa and Huascar
Atahuallpa became Sapa Inca
Pizarro captured Atahuallpa
Atahuallpa offered ransom for his safety, Pizarro accepted ransom
Pizarro killed Atahuallpa, at least 2000 Inca followers
Spanish returned later with army, destroyed civilization, enslaved remaining Inca

17. Review Rapidly expanded in 1400s from Cuzco, Inca capital
Impressive system of roads/messengers
Three main levels in class structure: emperor/family, nobility, commoners
All Incas belonged to ayllus
Polytheistic
Offered conquered people opportunity to join Inca empire
Conquered by Fransico Pizarro and the Spanish