1. www.wsp.org | www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater Bending the Arc of History to Reach the SDGs Jyoti Shukla Senior Manager WSP Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March 15 th 2016

2. WASH Uptake Follows a Pattern Last mile delivery Early adopters Mass adoption Time While it is individuals that adopt WASH services … … Countries influence that uptake through: Leadership Enabling Environment Financing

3. Rural Sanitation

4. Countries in All Regions Have Demonstrated Rapid Progress in Rural Sanitation Governments have: Promoted behavior change Enabled sanitation markets Households have: Invested in toilet facilities Continued up the sanitation ladder

5. Nepal – a Low Income Country Moved Ahead of the Arc in Rural Sanitation Single target, unified plan and common results framework, endorsed by the President. Captured in MDG Acceleration Framework and National Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan Decentralized planning, finance, implementation and monitoring Adopted a ‘community triggering’ approach with coordinated media campaign Rewarded ‘open defecation free’ communities and recognized their leaders Households invested in latrines Government invested in behaviour funded from specific budget for sanitation and hygiene Leadership Enabling Environment Financing

6. Rural Water

7. Countries decentralized : Staff Finance Planning Decision-making under a national policy and using country systems Countries Ahead of the Arc Decentralized Responsibility … and Resources

8. Universal Access Plan launched in 2005 with high political visibility and ownership Federal Government set policy, regions and districts assigned clear functions Genuine decentralization with 50% of public budget sent to regional level WASH staff hired at regional and district level to plan, implement and backstop service delivery Decentralized levels prioritized WASH Consolidated One WaSH Program and account to pool partner resources Ethiopia Moved Ahead of the Arc on Rural Water Leadership Enabling Environment Financing

9. Urban Sanitation

10. Data Shows Urban HHs Invest in On-Site Sanitation … Growing Access Rates … 2/3 of HH invest in on-site sanitation, but only 22% of fecal sludge is safely managed

11. … but leads to ‘public bad’ in the absence of investment in sanitation markets and infrastructure Urgent need to moved from simplistic MDGs indicators to SDG indicators

12. Urban Water Supply

13. While Access Increased – Much Is Off Network …

14. … at a Cost to the Poorest Table of costs m3 of formal versus informal supply

15. Senegal Stayed Ahead of the Arc of History on Urban Water Supply Top-level leadership decision to take bold step to implement asset-holder/operator split Planned for the expansion of the network Social connection and land tenure policies enabled household uptake of connections Borrowed concessional finance for expansion Operators mobilized working capital Implemented cost recovery measures Carefully monitored financial stability of subsector Leadership Enabling Environment Financing

16. The Winning Team – Leadership, Enabling Environment and Financing

17. www.wsp.org | www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater Thank you