2. Minji Han & Camilla Mancia

3.   Exposed to long hours of work in dangerous and unhealthy environments  Working in these hazardous conditions with little food, small pay, no education and no medical care Child Labour Today Working Conditions

4. We are going to explain about the Nigeria's child labour.

5.   The end of the oil boom in the late 1970s coupled with mounting poverty has driven millions of children into labour  Children are forced to work for their family’s survival Child Labour Today(Nigeria) Causes The money earned by child has become a significant part of poor families’ income

6.   Greater risk of hearing loss  Greater need for food and rest  Higher chemical absorption rates  Long hours of work on a regular basis can harm children’s social and educational development.  Lack of clean water, hand-washing facilities, and toilets Child Labour Today(Nigeria) Effects on Children

7.   The Nigerian Government has formally adopted International Labour Organization conventions. Child Labour Today(Nigeria) Protecting Children No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age six to 14 years. Children shall be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth shall be protected against moral and material abandonment Law Many children were saved from these conventions.

8.  Child Labour Today Personal Accounts Pharady, 11 years old girl

9.   Exposed to pollution from coal-burning as well as other industrial pollution.  In textile factories, the air was usually filled with fluff and microscopic fibres, which got deep into children's lungs.  Food they were given was poor quality  The children were forced to work long hours Industrial Revolution Working Conditions

10.   Education was not compulsory  In order to survive, poor families needed every person to work at the earliest possible age.  Wages were so low that parents could not make ends meet.  Children were useful workers because of their small size. Industrial Revolution Causes

11.   Dust and polluted air went through the children’s nose. ( Lung disease )  Working conditions negatively affected to growth and deforming children bodies. Industrial Revolution Effects on Children Seventeen-year-old worker had a bald spot on her head, which she got from pushing coal carts through mine tunnels. She pushed and pulled her cart more than 2 kilometres every trip.

12.   In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Industrial Revolution Protecting Children no child workers under nine years of age employers must have an age certificate for their child workers children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day children are not to work at night two hours schooling each day for children four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law

13.   “Two children I know got employment in a factory when they were five years old………….the spinning men or women employ children if they can get a child to do their business……..the child is paid one shilling or one shilling and six pence, and they will take that (five year old) child before they take an older one who will cost more.” George Gould, a Manchester merchant, written in 1816.  “When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooked touches the child on the shoulder and says “come here”. In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work.” Jonathan Downe interviewed in June 1832. Industrial Revolution Personal Accounts

14.  Compare and Contrast Similarities  Work conditions are dangerous  They have/had to work hard  Jobs are not/were not easy  Some children choose to work and some others didn't want to work at all Differences  Now we have a age limited on when we can start working  There was no overtime wage  There was no fairness when the got the money it's was like 66 cents for 9 hours or some times more

15.   What are some solutions to deal with child labour? Tell lots of people about the child labour that is happening these days Make people interested in child labour There needs to be a big consequence for the people who broke the law of the child labour Donate for children to send them to go to school Conclusion

16.   http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/WCARO_Nigeria_F actsheets_ChildLabour.pdf http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/WCARO_Nigeria_F actsheets_ChildLabour.pdf  Cranny, Michael William. Crossroads: A Meeting of Nations. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice Hall Ginn Canada, 1998. Print.  https://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/c hild_labor/about/health_issues.html https://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/c hild_labor/about/health_issues.html  https://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/c hild_labor/about/health_issues.html Citations