1. Conditionals

2. Conditional sentences
Show a relationship between a condition (the if clause) and a result

3. Four Types of Conditionals
Used to describe:
Verb Tense
in IF clause
Verb Tense in result clause
Example
Zero Conditional
Situations that are always true
PRESENT
If (Whenever) it rains, I take a taxi to the train station.
First Conditional
Situations that can really happen in the future
FUTURE
If it rains tomorrow, I will. take a taxi to the train station.
Second Conditional
(Present Unreal)
Situations are not true in the present
PAST
would + VERB
If it were raining, I would take a taxi to the train station.
Third Conditional
(Past Unreal)
Situations that did not happen in the past
PAST PERFECT
would have +VERB
If it had rained, I would have taken a taxi to the train station..

4. Zero Conditional (Facts)
Used to express general truths, habits, and logical possibilities. Present or past tense in both clauses:
If I have money, I spend it.
If my cat is nervous, she moves her tail a lot.

5. First Conditional (Future)
Used to express what will happen in the future if certain conditions occur. Used for predictions, plans, offers, suggestions, requests.
If you study, you ’ll pass the test.
If it doesn’t stop raining, there will be serious flooding.

6. Second Conditional (Present Unreal Conditional)
Used to talk about conditions that are not true in the present and the imagined results of these conditions.
If I were a cat, I would sleep all day.
If I had time, I would study another language.

7. The BE verb in the Present Unreal Conditional
Were is used for all persons of be in the if clause. (I, you, she, he, we, they were)
If I were the teacher, I’d give a lot less homework.

8. Third Conditional (Past Unreal Conditional)
Used to talk about conditions that were not true in the past and the imagined results.
If you hadn’t said anything, the teacher wouldn’t have noticed I was absent.

9. Third Conditional (Past Unreal Conditionals):
FORM
If clause: past perfect form of verb (had + past participle ) Result clause: would/could/might have + past participle
If I had scored just one-half point higher, I would have passed the exam.

10. The Use of Past Unreal Conditionals
Used to talk about:
Past unreal or imagined situations
the unreal results

11. Past Unreal Conditional
Past unreal situation:
If he had driven carefully, …
(THE REAL SITUATION:
He didn’t drive carefully)

12. Past Unreal Conditional
Unreal result:
…he wouldn’t have had an accident.
(THE REAL RESULT:
He had an accident)

13. The Form of Unreal Conditionals: Past
If Clause:
Past Perfect
Result Clause:
would have + Past Participle
If he had driven carefully,
he wouldn’t have had an accident.
If she had seen the movie,
she would have laughed hard.
If it had snowed,
we would have gone skiing

14. Your turn Make a sentence about this photo:
If someone (check) the wheels, they (fall off) .
If someone had checked the wheels, they wouldn’t have fallen off .

15. If George Bailey had never lived, what would have happened to… ?

16. If George Bailey had never lived,
Mary would have…
become a librarian.

17. If George Bailey had never lived,
His mother would have…
…run a boarding house.

18. If George Bailey had never lived,
George’s younger brother Harry would have…
… drowned at the age of nine.

19. If George Bailey had never lived,
Uncle Billy would have…
ended up in an insane
asylum.

20. If George Bailey had never lived,
Violet would have…
…stayed in town and would have continued to sink lower.

21. If George Bailey had never lived,
Ernie the taxi driver would have
been divorced and living in a shack in Potter’s Field

22. If George Bailey had never lived,
Mr. Gower the pharmacist would have…
….gone to jail and become an alcoholic.

23. If George Bailey had never lived,
Bedford Falls would have…
Bedford Falls would have… …been renamed Pottersville and would have become a much rougher place filled with bars and strip joints.

24. Hope is about what is possible. I hope you like the gift
Hope is about what is possible. I hope you like the gift. I hope you ’ll be able to join us.

25. Wish Wish is about what is not likely or not possible
Wish Wish is about what is not likely or not possible. Wish about the present or future: wish + past tense wish + would/ could + verb He wishes he had more money. Wish about the past: wish + past perfect We wish you had been here. I wish I hadn’t said that.

26. Activity
Tell about things you wish you had done or had not done in 2012.
Tell about things that you hope that you’ll be able to do in 2013.

27. Example I wish… I hope… I hadn’t wasted so much time in 2012.
I can manage my time more effectively un 2013.