1. Quickwrite Do you think that bones are solid or hollow? Based on your previous answer, which one do you think is more advantageous?

2. The Skeletal System 32.2

3. What are the Functions of the Skeletal System Protection (rib cage, skull, vertebral column) Formation of blood cells (red bone marrow) Reservoir (calcium and phosophorous) Movement Support

5. What is the Structure of the Skeletal System Axial Skeleton – Made up of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum Appendicular Skeleton – Made up of extremities, scapulae, clavicle, and hips

6. What are the Types of Bone Compact bone – Hard and dense bone, gives strength Spongy bone – Named for how it looks – Area where bone marrow is contained (ends of long bones, in center of short/flat bones) Red Bone Marrow – Found in humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis

9. How are Bones Remodeled Osteoblasts build bone and osteoclasts break down bone – Growth and degradation influenced by calcium levels and exercise Osteoporosis – Bone is chronically degraded due to low blood calcium levels – Usually affects elderly people, women especially susceptible

10. How is Bone Repaired Fracture (simple or compound) Endorphins flood area, inflammation occurs, clot covers break Spongy bone callus forms over fracture, slowly replaced by compact bone (osteoclasts/osteoblasts)

11. Male vs Female Skeleton Female – Pelvic bones are shorter and rounded – Bones surrounding pelvis are able to stretch – Smaller bone structure Male – Pelvic bones more oval shaped – Large bone structure (on average)

13. Activity Using the left hand side page, draw a picture of the skeleton. Make sure it is as accurate as possible. Color code the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. Label the following bones on the skeleton: – Cranium, sternum, clavicle, humerus, vertebral column, femur, patella, tibia, fibula Under the drawing give a brief (1-2 sentences) comparison of carpal vs tarsal bones