1. W RITING WITH THE QUOTATION SAMMICH a technique to improve your writing by incorporating textual evidence makes your writing more sophisticated makes your ideas sound more mature makes your paragraph flow better

2. T HE S ECRET FAMILY RECIPE 1.The top slice – your claim 2.The filling – a quote that supports your claim 3.The bottom slice – commentary/analysis about the quote The quotation sammich is composed of three basic ingredients.

3. The claim is your opinion on the material, written as a statement of fact. Technically, you are making an interpretive statement, analyzing the poem, story, data chart, etc. The claim presents a smaller portion of the essay’s bigger argument. CLAIM

4. The quote provides concrete, textual support for the claim statement. NOTE: This does not mean that the wording you choose has to come from a spoken sentence written between quotation marks in the original text. QUOTE

5. The quote statement should indicate who is speaking and set up what the quotation says. Templates for introducing quotations: X states, “___________”. When X states, “ ________”. According to X, “_________________”. In her book ____________, X maintains that “_______________”. In X's view, _________________________. Note: Both "states" and "maintains" are relatively neutral. You can also use verbs like argues, insists, asserts, observes, and suggests for a writer who makes a strong claim. Verbs like acknowledges, agrees, reaffirms, supports, and verifies indicate a writer is expressing agreement. Verbs like contends, questions, contradicts, refutes, rejects, and denies show questioning or disagreement. Templates for the Quote

6. The commentary/analysis functions to tie the quote to the claim. You are taking a sentence to explain why your evidence is important to your idea. ANALYSIS

7. Templates for explaining quotations in your own words: Basically, X is saying ___________________. In other words, X believes __________________. In making this comment, X argues that _____________. X is insisting that ________________. The essence of X's argument is that ________________. Note: When you explain a quotation, you will most likely need to use more than a single sentence, but the above templates can help lead into your explanation. Get in the habit of following every major quotation with explanatory sentences structured by templates like these. If you use lengthy quotations, your explanations should also be more fully developed. Templates for your Analysis

8. From Romeo and Juliet CLAIM - At the start of the play, before she has met and fallen in love with Romeo, Juliet is a dutiful daughter, willing to take direction from her elders. QUOTE - When Lady Capulet asks her if she can like Paris, she responds agreeably, “I’ll look to like, if looking liking move. But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly.” ANALYSIS – In other words, Juliet’s willingness not only to accommodate her mother’s request that she meet Paris but also suspend judgment on him until she receives her mother’s approval is surely the mark of an obedient daughter.

9. From Night CLAIM - It was hard for Wiesel to trust in God when he saw babies being murdered before his eyes. QUOTE - Unable to believe in both God’s mercy and the Nazi’s unreasonable hatred, he writes, “Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust” (Wiesel 32). ANALYSIS – In making this statement, Wiesel asserts that his faith was fading. What he had believed in with all his being before was beginning to seem false

10. Your turn… Identify the claim, quote, and analysis. 1.In essence, the flames that engulf the flesh of the Jews also engulf Wiesel’s trust in God. 2.Wiesel is scarred at his first sight of the annihilation of the Jews. 3.In witnessing the death of his race, Wiesel admits, “Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever” (32).

11. Your turn… Identify the claim, quote, and analysis. 1.After bragging about hunting humans, Zaroff tells Rainsford, “See, we are civilized here. We have electricity.” 2.Zaroff’s claim to be civilized has the opposite effect on the reader. 3.Ironically, the reader recognizes that electricity doesn’t make Zaroff civilized, especially given his choice of prey.

12. N O SAMMICH IS COMPLETE WITHOUT CONDIMENTS !

13. Quotes without their surrounding text are dry and boring. Plus they look so lonely. When you use quotations, you need to ease them into their new home – your essay. Some people just use a Dab of mustard Others prefer a Dollop a mayo. But there are those who pile on Lotsa Sauce!

14. DAB The Dab is the simplest form of serving up a quotation. It calls for the smallest number of writer supplied words. Linking the quote to its claim, a Dab provides just the bare minimum of words to announce the appearance of a quotation from a text. The Dab is useful when the writer has already established the context of the quotation in previous sentences and needs only to supply the exact quotation to make the point of the claim. Lady Macduff retorts, “He had none./His flight was madness; when our actions do not,/Our fears do make us traitors” (4.2.2-5).

15. DOLLOP The Dollop involves a bit more writing as it links the quote to its claim. Providing significant detail from the story, the Dollop is the appropriate condiment when the reader needs to be reminded of the context of the quotation—the details of the scene in which the quotation occurs. Not only does she object to the speed with which he left her, but also Lady Macduff sees her husband’s weakness, saying “when our actions do not,/Our fears do make us traitors” (4.2.4-5).

16. LOTSA SAUCE LOTSA SAUCE requires extensive writing surrounding just a tiny quotation, phrase, or important word from the text. Lotsa Sauce allows the writer both to maintain coherence with the claim and to maintain the writer’s own tone while still grounding the development of the argument in the text. Ross has told her to be patient with her husband, but she sees more fault in Macduff’s departure than just that he left her without talking to her; in addition to thinking he was rash for leaving so suddenly, she also sees in her husband a weakness of character, saying that “our fears do make us traitors” (4.2.5).