1. 1 OIL EXTRACTION – A Case Study of Trinidad & Tobago Managing the Extractive Sector for Development in Guyana 2012 November 14 th -15 th Presented By: AVRYL MOHAMMED

2. AGENDA ABOUT TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO OIL AND GAS DEPENDENCY THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ABOUT PETROTRIN MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ABOUT GUYANA- WAY FORWARD

3. ABOUT TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

4. The twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago: Area – 5,125 sq. km (1,980 sq. miles) Population – approximately 1.3million Natural Resources – Oil and natural gas, timber and fish About Trinidad and Tobago

5. OIL AND GAS DEPENDENCY

6. The Petroleum sector contributes 47% to the country’s GDP Transition from an oil-based economy to a natural gas economy The petrochemical sector continues to grow in line with the natural gas production How much we depend on Hydrocarbon

7. Trinidad & Tobago Gross Domestic Product by Sector in 2011

8. How much we depend on Oil and Natural Gas Changes in GDP and Hydrocarbon Production

9. THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

10. Major Environmental Impacts Deforestation and land degradation Uncontrolled release of hydrocarbon from blowouts Contamination of water courses- oil spills, disruption to ecological life and biodiversity Release of gaseous emissions

11. Engineering and environmental costs associated with extraction and processing Compliance costs Land tenure and border disputes Major Economic Impacts

12. What we use our Oil and Gas forMajor Social Impacts Displacement of communities Disparity between classes- poverty Human resource development- pull of human capital to the energy sector at the expense of agriculture Employment Expectations in Fence-line communities Squatting

13. ABOUT PETROTRIN

14. Welcome to Petrotrin - Our O&G Company

15. Our Exploration and Production fields extend over the south of the island Our Refinery is located in Pointe-a- Pierre About Petrotrin

16. PETROTRIN’s Areas of Operation.

17. Petrotrin’s Average Daily Production Refinery - 168,000 barrels /day of crude processed E&P – 45,000 bopd; 146 MMCFD (2011)

18. MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION OF IMPACTS

19. The development and formulation of environmental legislation Implementation and enforcement of legislation Signatories to international treaties and policies: - The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) - Basel Convention - KYOTO Protocol Mitigation Strategies Against Impacts National Level

20. PETROTRIN’s Mitigation Strategies Against Impacts Environmental Legislative Compliance - Environmental Management Act (2005) 1. Water Pollution Rules (2006) 2. Noise Control Pollution Rules (2001) 3. Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Species (2001) 4. Air Pollution Rules (Draft- 2009) 5. Waste Management Rules (Draft- 2008)

21. Implementation of Environmental Management Systems (E.M.S) and OHSAS 18001 - maintenance programs - audits Bioremediation - rehabilitation of contaminated sites using natural means Environmental

22. PETROTRIN’s Mitigation Strategies Against Impacts Environmental Environmental Baseline Surveys - Ecological Surveys 1. Floral Survey 2. Reptilian and Amphibian Survey 3. Avifaunal Survey 4. Invertebrate Survey 5. Aquatic Faunal Survey 6. Mammalian Survey

23. Environmental Gas Recovery Project -To reduce PETROTRIN’s GHG emissions -To provide a platform for other hydrocarbon industries Green House Gas Inventory (GHG) Project - Data Collection - Assisting with climate change mitigation

24. Reforestation Initiatives - Certificate of Environmental Clearance (C.E.C) - In collaboration with Forestry Division - Tree planting in PETROTRIN’s camp areas Environmental

25. Produced Water Treatment Facility at Los Bajos - API separators - Closed loop waste water treatment systems at drill sites Oil Spill Contingency Planning and Response - Develop detailed oil spill plans - Conducting drills EEnvironmentalnv ironmental

26. Public Consultation - Environmental Impact Assessment - Emergency Response Drills- Marabella and Bennett Village Drills - Community Awareness Emergency Response Environmental

27. Outreach Projects - Petting Zoo - Tree Distribution to Schools - HSE Activity Booklet for Primary Schools - Distribution of Fire Extinguishers to Schools - GLOBE- (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) Environmental

28. ABOUT GUYANA- WAY FORWARD

29. THE WAY FORWARD WHAT CAN GUYANA LEARN?

30. GUYANA- WAY FORWARD ENVIRONMENTAL Legislation to protect Guyana’s to protect land and water resources - No contamination -Taxation on exceeding pollution standard Assess environmental impact for all development management of water/ rainforest/ flora fauna (biodiversity) Natural/ Industrial Disaster Management Plan

31. Extraction at a controlled rate Diversification and the non-reliance on a SINGLE resource is integral in propelling economic growth Development of value chain industries GUYANA- WAY FORWARD ECONOMIC

32. Inclusion of local community into labour force Management of the human resource and the skill pool Provision made with indigenous people Policy to deal with border disputes GUYANA- WAY FORWARD SOCIAL

33. THE WAY FORWARD “Resource endowment need not necessarily be a curse, however it should not be the sole reliance of a nation’s economy” (adapted from Mrs. Vangie Bhagoo- Ramrattan Manager Research, First Citizens Bank)

34. THANK YOU THE END QUESTIONS???