1. Ethernet Basics – 7 IP Addressing

2. Introducing IP Addressing  IP address (TCP/IP address)  Not unique (but should be), user assigned  Layer 3  4 byte (32 bit)  Network part + host part  256 4 or 4,290 million different addresses  Always accompanied by a subnet mask IP Address : 149.218.90.19 Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0

3. IP Address Classes net id – 7 bitshost id – 24 bits0 I I I 0 I III 0 III0 net id – 14 bits net id – 21 bits multicast group id – 28 bits reserved for future use – 28 bits Class A Class B host id – 16 bits host id – 8 bits Class C Class D Class E  There are 5 different classes

4. IP Address Ranges Every interface on an internet must have a unique IP address ClassRange A1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 B128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 C192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 D224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 E240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

5. Subnets The subnet defines what part of the IP address is net id and what part is host id. It is a binary mask applied to the IP address –Consider the IP address 149.218.10.20 –This is a class B address, (subnet mask = 255.255.0.0) therefore the net id should be 149.218 and the host id 10.20 –10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 - IP Address 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 - subnet mask –But that would mean having 65534 computers on the same network – lots of potential broadcast traffic –So to split this up we use subnets

6. Subnets Subnet mask –This is applied to the IP address to evaluate the new net id. –Consider 149.218.10.20 –Give this a subnet of 255.255.255.0 means it now belongs to the network 149.218.10.0 as opposed to the original of 149.218.0.0 –10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 - IP Address 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - subnet mask –This means only 254 computers are connected together. –To communicate between subnets, you have to use a router

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