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2. From Landfill to School

3. Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

4. Factors Contributing to Increasing Amounts of MSW

6. Changing Lifestyles

7. Disposable Materials: Diapers

8. Excessive Packaging

9. The Solid-Waste Problem Disposal of municipal solid waste Landfills Combustion: waste to energy Costs of municipal solid-waste disposal

10. Disposal of Municipal Solid-Waste (MSW) The solid-waste problem: –We generate huge amounts of MSW, and it is increasingly expensive to dispose of it in ways that are environmentally responsible and protective of human health.

11. MSW Components

12. The Fate of MSW

13. New Orleans Dump

14. Problems of Landfills Leachate generation and groundwater contamination Methane production Incomplete decomposition Settling

15. Improving Landfills Located above water table and away from airports Contoured floor for leachate-collection system Covered with earthen material Ground-water monitoring wells

17. New Landfills Emphasis on groundwater protection.

18. Landfills Siting: Public Reactions LULU (locally unwanted landuse) NIMBY (not in my backyard) NIMTOO (not in my term of office) http://www.zerowasteamerica.org/Pictures.htm

19. Interstate Transfer of MSW

20. Trash to Treasure (Table 18-1) Highest (more than 1 million tons) net importers of MSW –Pennsylvania –Virginia –Michigan –Ohio

21. Trash to Treasure (Table 18-1) Highest (more than 1 million tons) net exporters of MSW –New York –New Jersey –Ontario, Canada –Missouri

22. Combustion Advantages Reduction trash weight (70%) and volume (90%) - increases life of landfill Control of toxic or hazardous substances –Fly ash –Bottom ash Same trash collection procedures Two-thirds are WTE facilities in compliance with Clean Air Act regs.

23. Combustion Advantages Produce 2,700 megawatts of electricity meeting power needs of 2.3 million homes Resource recovery

24. Combustion Drawbacks Cost of construction Uninterrupted MSW stream flow Combustion ash loaded with hazardous substances – disposed in secure landfill Siting – offensive odors Competition with recycling efforts

25. Waste-to-Energy Operating Facility

27. Costs of MSW Disposal Tipping fees increase: $34 to $263/ton Illegal dumping –Tires –Refrigerators –Car parts

28. Solutions to the Solid-Waste Problem Source reduction The recycling solution Municipal recycling Regional recycling options

29. Source Reduction Less weight Internet information transfer Resale and donation of durable goods Lengthening a product’s life cycle Refusing bulk mail Composting

30. Yard Sales

31. The Recycling Solution Paper to paper. Newspaper = 13% MSW stream. Worth $30/ton. Ton of newspapers = 17 trees.

32. The Recycling Solution Paper Glass Plastic Metals Yard wastes Textiles Old tires Compost Refabrication Synthetic lumber Sand or gravel Insulation Strengthens recycled paper Highways Match

33. A Trex Deck

34. Trex Materials Plastic grocery bags Reclaimed pallet wrap Waste wood

35. Municipal Recycling 75% MSW recyclable if: –Mandatory –Easy to do –Incentives –Political and industrial support

36. State Recycling Rates

37. MSW Recycling in the United States

38. Curbside Recycling

39. Wastepaper Exports

41. Regional Recycling Options Materials recovery facilities (MRFs) Mixed waste processing Mixed waste and yard trimmings composting

42. Materials Recovery

43. Public Policy and Waste Management The regulatory perspective Integrated waste management

44. The Regulatory Perspective Solid waste disposal act 1965 Resource recovery act 1970 and1976 Resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) of 1976 Superfund act 1980 Hazardous and solid waste amendments 1984

45. Integrated Waste Management Waste reduction Safe waste disposal Recycling and reuse Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) trash pickup

47. Pay-as-you-throw Trash Pickup

48. End of Chapter 18 PPT by Clark E. Adams