1. Cellular Respiration Making ATP/ energy

2. What is it?  Cell Respiration is an exchange of gases to produce _________ (by breaking down glucose)  ATP is made – _____________________

3. Aerobic Respiration  _________________________________  This occurs in three separate stages –  Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain

5. Glycolysis  First stage of both ___________ and ______________ respiration  Occurs in the _______________  Uses ATP to split glucose into _________  This produces ATP and NADH  Chemical formula of glycolysis  _____________________________________  If there is O 2 this moves into the mitochondrial membrane

6.  1 Glucose yields 2 pyruvate  2 ADP yields 2 ATP  2 NAD+ yields 2 NADH  glycolysis glycolysis

8. The Krebs Cylce  The 2 pyruvate sugars are then transported into the mitochondria - where the 3 carbon sugar is then converted to acetate and CO 2 is released  When acetate attaches to a coenzyme – Acetyl coA is made to start the Krebs Cycle

9. Citric Acid Cycle  The Krebs cycle runs twice for every one glucose  2acetyl coA + 2oxaloacetate 4CO2 + 6 NADH +2FADH2 + 2 ATP + 2 oxaloacetate

10. Krebs/ Citric Acid summary  Krebs Cycle make ____ ATP for every ________ molecule  Sends NADH and FADH2 onto the ETC (_______________________)  Takes place in the ____________ matrix  Although does not require energy the by products do to go through ETC

11.  The net gain is  ____ NADH  ____ ATP  ____ FADH2  Krebs animation Krebs animation Krebs animation

12. Mitochondria

13. Krebs Cycle

14. Electron Transport Chain  For every 2 NADH molecules 1 oxygen molecule is reduced to 2 molecules of ___________  ATP synthase uses energy of an existing ion gradient to power ATP ____________

17. ETC  Meaning – Hydrogen goes through the membrane of the mitochondria – now that all the H+ is on one side there is an unequal gradient (high to low) they flow through the uniport proton pump so that ATP can be made.  animation animation

18. So what is the total ATP made at the end of AEROBIC Respiration  Aerobic Respiration means you broke down glucose using O2  The formula is C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36ATP But if we said that 2 ATP were made in glycolysis and 2 were made in Krebs cycle the rest that was made was NADH and FADH2 where is the rest of the ATP made????

19.  Like we said the H+ is pumped through the mitochondrial membrane so that ATP can be made  So if we were to look at a pix to summarize where all the ATP was made it would look like this----

21.  ETC ETC

22. What if there is no Oxygen?  Well then, we can’t do aerobic respiration – but we still need energy (or ATP). So now we do ANAEROBIC – meaning without oxygen.  The first step is still the same – Glycolysis makes pyruvate

23.  In lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is converted to NADH to form lactate with no release of CO2 -Used to make yogurt and other dairy items -Muscle cells also do this in times of oxygen deprivation  In alcohol fermentation pyruvate is converted to ethanol or ethyl alcohol.  Yeast and fungus do this