1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIVE AMERICANS USING OPTICS

2. Do First Where is your family from? How did they come to live in Texas? Write 3 – 5 sentences describing this.

3. Guiding Question  How did people come to North America?

4. Why  To understand how the need to survive, or improve living conditions, impact the migration patterns of cultural groups

5. Key Terms  Archaeologist – a scientist who studies evidence of past human activity.  Prehistoric – times/people that did not have a written record.  Nomads – people who move from place to place  OPTICS – an acronym to help us analyze images

6. What Objects do You See? A basket to hold food Bow and Arrow

7. People in the Image This person is a……

8. Title AND Time period? Since this is a picture of a mammoth, the time period must be…

9. What Inferences can you draw? (infer: to speculate, guess, imply. To conclude from evidence.) What is this person doing? Use your prior knowledge to guess what the image is about

10. What Conclusions Can You Draw? What is the relationship between the mammoth and the human? What prior knowledge do you think you need to reach any conclusions about this picture? What can you conclude?

11. Summarize the Main Idea The summary puts all your information together in one or two sentences that give the main idea with supporting details.

12. Summary  OPTICS can help us to read pictures  Pictures can tell us information that words cannot!

13. Hunters and Gatherers: 10,000 BC – 100 AD

14.  O: Bow and Arrow, basket, canoe, net, birds  P: Native Americans, men, women, children  T: Hunters and Gatherers, 10,000 BC/BCE – 100 AD/CE  I: Men did the hunting while women and children gathered food  C: Men were superior and had more difficult jobs  S: Natives survived by hunting and gathering for food between 10,000 BC – 100AD

15. With a Shoulder Partner 1. Analyze the remaining 4 pictures in your handout using OPTICS 2. Work with a shoulder partner 3. Volume Level 1 Activity 4. You have 15 minutes

16. Farmers: 100 AD – 1500+ AD

17.  O: crops, wheat  P: a Native American  T: Farmers, 100 AD – 1500+ AD  I: This is the beginning of farming because he is using his bare hands instead of tools  C: A farmer is harvesting his crops  S: Native Americans have learned how to grow and harvest their own crops by 100 AD

18. Big Game Hunters: 35,000 BC – 10,000 BC

19.  O: spear, mammoth  P: two male hunters  T: Big Game Hunters, 35,000 BC – 10,000 BC  I: Big game means large animals. Larger animals existed during this time period.  C: Hunters work together to hunt large animals  S: Hunters worked together during 35,000 BC to 10,000 BC to hunt large animals

20. Crossing the Bering Strait: Ice Age

21.  O: spear, mammoth, bird, rock, Bering Strait, North America, Asia, South America  P: one caveman  T: Crossing the Bering Strait, Ice Age  I: there used to be a land bridge between Asia and North America.  C: the cavemen followed “big game” across the Bering Strait to North America.  S: As the Ice Age came to an end, big animals started migrating to North America to find warmer weather. People who relied on big animals for food followed them.

22. Planters and Potters: 100 AD – 1500+ AD

23.  O: pots, rock  P: one Native American  T: Planters and Potters, 100 AD – 1500+ AD  I: People use pots to store valuable items such as food, plants, seeds, and more  C: Native Americans started learning how to make and use pots.  S: Native Americans discovered how to create pots in 100 AD and people have been using them since then

24. Questions  Using what you now know, what does BC mean?  Using what you now know, what does AD mean?

25.  BC refers to “Before Christ” and means before Jesus was born  AD refers to “Anno Domini” and means the current era

26. Correct Order: 1. Crossing the Bering Strait: Ice Age 2. Big Game Hunters 3. Hunters and Gatherers 4. Planters and Potters 5. Farmers

27. Independent Practice: What Really Happened  Fill in the blanks using the words on your handout  Some words can be used more than once  Answer the questions at the end  If you finish early, you may start on the homework  Silent and Individual Work

28. What Really Happened Pre-historic people used to hunt BIG GAME. As the ICE AGE came to an end and the weather became warmer, animals starting MIGRATING to NORTH AMERICA. The people, who relied on these animals for food and clothing, followed the animals to NORTH AMERICA. At first, they hunted BIG GAME but soon they also started gathering food such as berries and nuts and became HUNTERS and GATHERERS. As time progressed, they started to realize that they could save their seeds and food using POTS. Soon, they also realized that they could PLANT their seeds to grow and harvest crops. They became FARMERS and built permanent villages.

29. Homework  Directions: Re-write the story about how people came to North America  Must be at least one paragraph long (5-7 sentences)  Make it creative! For example, turn it into a horror story or write about it from the point of view of a mammoth  Make sure you include the following words:  Ice Age  Big Game  Hunters  Gatherers  Plant  Pot  Farmers

30. EXIT TICKET 1. Silent and Individual Work 2. Turn it in to your turn-in tray marked with your period when you are finished 3. Work on your homework (re-writing the story)