1. Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth AP World History Key Concept 1.1 Technological and Environmental Transformations, to c. 600 B.C.E.

2. Key Concepts Each key concept is designed to allow learners to identify patterns that can be used in further studies of world history.

3. Questions The questions are written from the key concepts. They are designed to start the inquiry process that guides our evidence collection, interpretation, and organization.

4. Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth (basic key concept) During the Paleolithic Era (pre-10,000 BCE ) hunter-gatherers gradually migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures. Click or touch for website

5. Full Key Concept Key Concept 1.1: Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth: Archeological evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic Era, hunting- foraging bands of humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions A. Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators, and to adapt to cold environments. B. Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. C. Economic structures focused on small kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands that could make what they needed to survive. However, not all groups were self-sufficient; they exchanged people, ideas, and goods.

6. Questions ■ ■■■■■■ ■ What evidence do we have that explains the earliest history of humans? How is this evidence interpreted? Where did humans first appear on Earth? What were the characteristics of their society, religion, technology, economy and culture? How did the earliest humans procure enough supplies to survive?

7. “Out of Africa” migrations Theory based on Archeological Evidence Click or touch for article

8. Archaeological Evidence: “Lucy” skeleton Footprints in Olduvai Gorge, eastern Africa Louis and Mary Leakey’s findings at Olduvai Gorge convinced the world that humans came from Africa. Click or touch for Video

9. Characteristics of Early Societies ●Little if any social classes ○no possessions to distinguish rich/poor, powerful/weak ●Egalitarian (equal but not identical work & value of both genders’ contributions) ○Men probably hunted, women foraged/gathered. ●Small bands/communities (30-50 people)

10. How do we know? The San of the Kalahari Desert, Africa early humans

11. Characteristics: Religion Most likely animistic.

12. Characteristics: Technology ●Stone Tools/Weapons ○Specially adapted to different environments. ■What works in the tropics won’t in the tundra!

13. Characteristics: Technology ●Stone Tools/Weapons (no wheel yet!) ●Fire (why?) ○Useful in slash & burn agriculture ○Protection against animals ○Keeping warm in cold climates ○Food Click or touch for article

14. Characteristics: Economy ●Small kinship groups of 30-50 people. ○Some were self-sufficient, others to exchange to survive ●Trade, including … ○People ○Goods ○Ideas Limited range of contact with other groups

15. Characteristics: Culture Knowledge passed generation to generation leads to greater complexity. How do environmental pressures influence the development of culture?

16. Characteristics: Survival ●Cultural adaptation to new environments ●Cooperation and capacity to look beyond the surface at an early age. Click or touch for article We can ask and answer this question really well. What are the implications?

17. How did you do? ■ ■■■■■■ ■ What evidence do we have that explains the earliest history of humans? How is this evidence interpreted? Where did humans first appear on Earth? What were the characteristics of their society, religion, technology, economy and culture? How did the earliest humans procure enough supplies to survive?