1. MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR CANINES

2. LOCATION AND NUMBER
The permanent canines are four in number and are located distal to the lateral incisors and mesial to the permanent 1st premolars
Are at the “corners” of the mouth

3. NAMES AND IDENTIFICATION
Maxillary right canine #6
Maxillary left canine #11
Mandibular right canine #27
Mandibular left canine #22

8. SHAPE
The longest (crown and root) and most stable of teeth. The “corner stone of the arch”.
Overdeveloped middle labial lobe results in a single pointed cusp

9. FUNCTIONS Prehension of food
Protect the posterior teeth during jaw movements (working or laterotrusive movements)
Cosmetic value: Helps support facial musculature
Transitional tooth from anterior to posterior

10. THE MAXILLARY CANINE General characteristics Development Views
Axial inclination and occlusion
Root and pulp spaces

11. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Wider labiolingually to offset forces of function
Greatest cingulum development
Longest root; sometimes mandibular canine is as long
Usually larger than the mandibular canine(Arch trait)

12. DEVELOPMENT First calcification 4-5 years Enamel completed 6-7 yrs
Eruption yrs
Root Completed yrs
Develops from 4 lobes: 3 labial, 1 lingual

13. LABIAL VIEW About 1 mm narrower mesiodistally than Max central
Mesial outline is convex
Emergence angle is slightly angled but flat
Mesial cusp ridge may show a slight concavity

14. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T) General shape is a pentagon
Cusp tip is usually centered
Mesial and distal cusp ridges are flat or slightly concave; can be related to lobe development

15. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T)
Mesial and distal surfaces have a flat or concave surface in the gingival 1/3rd , then become convex, forming an s-shape
Mesial contact is at junction of middle and incisal 1/3rd of crown. This “high shoulder”(mesioincisal angle) results from a shorter, less sloping mesial ridge

16. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T)
Distal line angle is very convex resulting in marked tapering at CEJ (Arch trait)
Incisal margin may form from 1/2 to 1/3rd of the anatomic crown
Crest of curvature of CEJ is slightly mesial to long axis

17. LINGUAL VIEW Considerably narrower than labial
CEJ: A slighter curvature (compared to incisors)
Cingulum: large and sometimes pointed
Mesial and distal marginal ridges are prominent

18. LINGUAL VIEW (CON’T)
Lingual ridge: may or may not be continuous from the incisal portion of the cingulum to the cusp tip
Presence of mesiolingual and distolingual fossae
Lingual pit may be present
What other maxillary tooth may have a lingual pit?

19. MESIAL VIEW
Triangular outline of anterior teeth caused by extreme relative thickness of the central 1/3rd of crown and root
Crest of curvature is more incisal due to development of lingual and middle lobes
Greater convexity of labial surface than the incisors

20. MESIAL VIEW
Lingual surface shows less convexity than the max central and lateral incisors
A line bisecting the cusp labiolingually is labial to a line bisecting the root labiolingually

21. MESIAL VIEW (CON’T) Incisal edge is thick (Arch trait)
Labial margin is relatively straight from the middle of the root to the junction of the cervical middle 1/3 of the crown, where the height is located (Arch trait)
Lingual height of contour is close to the cervical line

22. DISTAL VIEW CEJ is less curved
Longitudinal groove is usually longer and deeper

23. Maxillary Canines

24. INCISAL VIEW Characterized by asymmetry
Labiolingual width usually greater than mesiodistal

25. INCISAL VIEW (CON’T) Distal bulk is greater than Mesial
Large labial ridge; highly developed middle labial lobe
Cingulum is highly developed

26. Incisal View

27. Arch TRAITS Possesses a single conical cusp
Largest single root; thickest labiolingually-well anchored
Only cusped tooth that functions on lingual surface(?)

28. SUMMARY (ARCH TRAITS) Crown is larger than opposing mand canine
Mesial and distal margins from labial tend to converge markedly toward the cervix
Incisal margin of the crown occupies at least 1/3rd of the crown height

29. SUMMARY (ARCH TRAITS-CON’T)
Mesial and distal cusp ridges, marginal ridges, lingual ridge and the cingulum are more accentuated than in the mandibular canine
Lingual pit and/or grooves are common features
Labiolingual diameter of crown near the cervix is greater than the mandibular canine

30. OCCLUSION
The max canines occludes with the mand canines and 1st premolars

31. AXIAL INCLINATION Mesiodistal inclination 17 degrees to distal (root)
Faciolingual inclination 16 degrees to lingual (root)

32. ROOT Max canine has longest root
Labiolingually: narrow, triangular, pointed apex
Apical 1/3rd of the root often has a sharp curvature to either the mesial or distal (usually the distal)
Mesiodistally: broad, triangular, blunt apex

33. PULP SPACES
Pulp chamber and canal is widest faciolingually and changes from an elliptical to a circular form apically
About 25% have accessory canals

34. THE MANDIBULAR CANINE General characteristics Development Views
Axial inclination and occlusion
Root and pulp spaces

35. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Similar to max canine
Narrower mesiodistally than max canine
Cusp, marginal ridges, and cingulum development is not as extensive as max canine
Bifurcated roots occur occasionally

36. DEVELOPMENT 4 lobes (same as for all anterior teeth)
1st calcification yrs
Enamel completed yrs
Eruption yrs
Root completed yrs
What is completed before a tooth erupts?

37. LABIAL VIEW About 1 mm narrower mesiodistally than max canine
Crown appears longer than max canine due to narrowness of crown and height of interproximal contacts

38. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T) Mesial cusp ridge is shorter than the distal
Cusp tip in line with center of root
Mesial outline is straight and continuous with root
Labial line angles curve only slightly toward cervix

39. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T)
Crown often tilted distally in relation to the long axis of the tooth (Arch trait)
Mesial contact is at incisal 1/3rd
Distal contact is more incisal than max canine (junction of incisal and middle1/3rd )

40. LABIAL VIEW (CON’T)
Facial ridge is less prominent and cervical line is more symmetrical
Incisal margin confined to incisal 1/4th or 1/5th, giving a long, narrow appearance (Arch trait)

41. LINGUAL VIEW
Flatter, smoother, less developed than max canines (Arch trait)
Lingual surface is approximately ½ the width of the labial surface

42. PROXIMAL VIEW Labial surface is less curved than max canine
Labial height of contour is less than 0.5 mm
Incisal ridge is not as wide as the max canine
Lingual outline is flatter

43. PROXIMAL VIEW (CON’T) Cusp tip is positioned lingually
Greater curvature of CEJ; more incisally located than max canine
CEJ: greater curvature on the mesial surface than the distal surface
Root is narrower than maxillary canine

44. INCISAL VIEW
Lingual inclination of cusp tip and mesial and distal incisal ridges
Mesial and distal halves more symmetrical (Arch trait)
Smaller lingual ridge and incisal ridges
Labial surface is smoother
Lingual appears more round

45. OCCLUSION
The mandibular canine occludes with the max canine and lateral incisor

46. AXIAL INCLINATION Mesiodistal inclination 6 degrees to distal (root)
Faciolingual inclination 12 degrees to lingual (root)

47. ROOT Longest root of any tooth in mandibular arch
Root tapers toward the apex and is more pointed than the maxillary canine root
Apical 1/3rd may show a slight Dilaceration in the mesial direction
Longitudinal grooves are present; root may be bifurcated

48. PULP SPACES Pulp canal of the mand canine often has two root canals
Generally very similar to max canine

49. SUMMARY (ARCH TRAITS) Crown is smaller than max canine
Mesial and distal margins as seen from labial tend to be parallel or slightly convergent toward cervix

50. SUMMARY (ARCH TRAIATS-CON’T)
Incisal margin of the crown is confined to the incisal 1/4th or 1/5th of the crown, giving the tooth a long, narrow appearance
Entire lingual surface is flatter, with much less prominence of margins, ridges and cingulum

51. SUMMARY (ARCH TRAITS-CON’T)
No lingual pits or grooves
Labiolingual diameter of the crown near the cervix is less than max canines
Mesial and distal halves of the crown, when viewed from the incisal aspect, are more symmetrical
Variations exist; more so than max canines