1. Discussion Outline I. Defining Families II. The Family in Sociological Theory III. Studying Families

2. Theory A theory is a set of statements that explains why a particular phenomena happens Theories can be viewed as tools or lenses through which individuals view society. Theories differ

3. Consensus Theory-AKA-Structural Functionalism Society is generally stable, functional, orderly, and harmonious Everything that exists has a specific function that benefits society by promoting cohesion and stability I.e.: The Breadwinner-Homemaker Family Instrumental and expressive roles

4. Conflict Theory Society is a place of conflict, competition, and inequality between groups This theory sees conflict and opposition as necessary to positive social change Focuses on competing interests of family members Example: Why might some people take issue with the breadwinner-Homemaker model of the family?

5. Contemporary Theories Emerge Feminism/Feminist Theory Seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women-Focus is on gender Argues that: Gender inequality has been and is central to family life Male dominance in families is not natural, it is connected to wider gender inequality in society and other institutions (religion/politics/Economics) We must work to reduce gender inequality in all sectors of life

6. Contemporary Theories Exchange Theory Argues that individuals with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into relationships to maximize their own gains-Takes an economic viewpoint towards family and relationships People make rational decisions by weighing out costs and benefits I.e.: The marriage market and dating relationships

7. Contemporary Theories Symbolic Interactionism Theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based upon other’s expectations Human identity and the development of the “self” is formed through interaction with others, especially within the family I.e.: Cooley’s looking Glass self and reflexive behavior

8. Studying Families:  Bias  Sample Surveys  In-Depth Interviews  Observation  Time Use Studies Time Use Studies  Surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week