1. Indians in English Eyes PIBUS Unit 1

2. Harriot, White, and de Bry The following slides, which depict images of Native American life around Roanoke, North Carolina, in the mid-1580s, are based upon the works of an English painter and a Dutch woodcut artist. They are drawn from: The following slides, which depict images of Native American life around Roanoke, North Carolina, in the mid-1580s, are based upon the works of an English painter and a Dutch woodcut artist. They are drawn from: – Thomas Harriot’s A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588). Harriot had learned to speak Algonkin from two Indians brought to Elizabeth’s court by Walter Raleigh in 1584, and traveled to Roanoke in 1585; the watercolors themselves were painted by colonist John White – Theodor de Bry’s woodcuts were produced in 1590 to accompany Harriot’s book and were based upon White’s paintings. De Bry was a Protestant who was forced to flee Spanish-controlled Flanders; during and after his three years in England (1585-1588), he began to document and publish accounts of the first non-Spanish colonies and worked with his two sons and Oxford cosmographer Richard Hakluyt to promote the establishment of Protestant colonies in the New World

3. John White, Warrior of the Secotan Indians in North Carolina (1585) Unknown artist, Thomas Harriot (1601) The author (and early anthropologist) An example of the John White watercolors upon which De Bry based his woodcuts

4. Theodor de Bry, Self- Portrait (1597)

5. De Bry the Propagandist: Leyenda Negra

6. Early English contact with North America Sir Walter Raleigh sent recon mission to NC/VA coast in 1584 and a tardy resupply in 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh sent recon mission to NC/VA coast in 1584 and a tardy resupply in 1585 Sent expedition to found Roanoke (NC) in 1587 Sent expedition to found Roanoke (NC) in 1587 – Raleigh was an organizer and financier; he never visited North America (though he did later venture to the Caribbean) 1584: Chiefs Manteo and Wanchese visited London; Manteo befriended the English 1584: Chiefs Manteo and Wanchese visited London; Manteo befriended the English – Harriot learned the Algonkin language from Manteo in 3 months, then accompanied a 1585 expedition Manteo became 1 st Indian to convert to Anglicanism, and was created a baron, Lord of Roanoke and Dasamongueponke – first English peer created in the New World Manteo became 1 st Indian to convert to Anglicanism, and was created a baron, Lord of Roanoke and Dasamongueponke – first English peer created in the New World

7. The “Lost Colony” of Roanoke Raleigh unable to send resupply until 1590 Raleigh unable to send resupply until 1590 – Greedy captains – 1588: Spanish Armada Colony abandoned w/ no sign of struggle Colony abandoned w/ no sign of struggle – “Croatoan” carved in tree Sir Walter Raleigh

8. Thomas Harriot, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588) Their townes are but small, & neere the sea coast but few, some containing but 10 or 12 houses: some 20. the greatest that we have seene have bene but of 30 houses: if they be walled it is only done with barks of trees made fast to stakes, or els with poles onely fixed upright and close one by another. Their houses are made of small poles made fast at the tops in rounde forme after the maner as is used in many arbories in our gardens of England, in most townes covered with barkes, and in some with artificiall mattes made of long rushes; from the tops of the houses downe to the ground. The length of them is commonly double to the breadth, in some places they are but 12 and 16 yardes long, and in other some wee have seene of foure and twentie. Their townes are but small, & neere the sea coast but few, some containing but 10 or 12 houses: some 20. the greatest that we have seene have bene but of 30 houses: if they be walled it is only done with barks of trees made fast to stakes, or els with poles onely fixed upright and close one by another. Their houses are made of small poles made fast at the tops in rounde forme after the maner as is used in many arbories in our gardens of England, in most townes covered with barkes, and in some with artificiall mattes made of long rushes; from the tops of the houses downe to the ground. The length of them is commonly double to the breadth, in some places they are but 12 and 16 yardes long, and in other some wee have seene of foure and twentie.

9. ENOUGH BACKGROUND…ON TO THE BOOK ITSELF!

10. Watercolor drawing "Indian Village of Pomeiooc" by John White (created 1585-1586). Engraving "The Tovvne of Pomeiooc" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White

11. Thomas Harriot, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588) THEIR manner of feeding is in this wise. They lay a matt made of bents one the grownde and sett their meate on the mids therof, and then sit downe Rownde, the men uppon one side, and the woemen on the other. Their meate is Mayz sodden, in suche sorte as I described yt in the former treatise of verye good taste, deers flesche, or of some other beaste, and fishe. They are verye sober in their eatinge, and drinkinge, and consequentlye verye longe lived because they doe not oppress nature. THEIR manner of feeding is in this wise. They lay a matt made of bents one the grownde and sett their meate on the mids therof, and then sit downe Rownde, the men uppon one side, and the woemen on the other. Their meate is Mayz sodden, in suche sorte as I described yt in the former treatise of verye good taste, deers flesche, or of some other beaste, and fishe. They are verye sober in their eatinge, and drinkinge, and consequentlye verye longe lived because they doe not oppress nature.

12. Indian Man and Woman Eating Watercolor drawing "Indian Man and Woman Eating" by John White (created 1585-1586). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "Their sitting at meate" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

13. Watercolor drawing "Indian Woman and Young Girl" by John White (created 1585-1586) Engraving "A cheiff Ladye of Pomeiooc" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White

15. Their danses vvich they vse att their hyghe feastes (1590)

16. Some religion they have alreadie, which although it be farre from the truth, yet beyng as it is, there is hope it may bee the easier and sooner reformed. They beleeve that there are many Gods which they call Montóac, but of different sortes and degrees; one onely chiefe and great God, which hath bene from all eternitie. Who as they affirme when hee purposed to make the worlde, made first other goddes of a principall order to bee as meanes and instruments to bee used in the creation and government to follow; and after the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, as pettie goddes and the instruments of the other order more principall. First they say were made waters, out of which by the gods was made all diversitie of creatures that are visible or invisible. Some religion they have alreadie, which although it be farre from the truth, yet beyng as it is, there is hope it may bee the easier and sooner reformed. They beleeve that there are many Gods which they call Montóac, but of different sortes and degrees; one onely chiefe and great God, which hath bene from all eternitie. Who as they affirme when hee purposed to make the worlde, made first other goddes of a principall order to bee as meanes and instruments to bee used in the creation and government to follow; and after the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, as pettie goddes and the instruments of the other order more principall. First they say were made waters, out of which by the gods was made all diversitie of creatures that are visible or invisible. Thomas Harriot, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588)

17. Genesis 1:1 King James Version (1611 ) 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. 22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. New International Version (1978) 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. 20 And God said, “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.” 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.”

18. Watercolor drawing "Indians Fishing" by John White (created 1585-1586) Engraving "Their manner of fishynge in Virginia" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White

20. Village of Secoton - modern colorization of de Bry’s woodcut

21. And where was England at, artistically speaking, during this period…?

22. William Shakespeare, Henry IV (ca. 1590-1592) Act 1, Scene 3 And as the soldiers bore dead bodies by, And as the soldiers bore dead bodies by, He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly, He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly, To bring a slovenly unhandsome corse To bring a slovenly unhandsome corse Betwixt the wind and his nobility. Betwixt the wind and his nobility. Act 2, Scene 3 Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: We must have bloody noses and cracked crowns. We must have bloody noses and cracked crowns.

23. Thomas Hilliard, “Ermine Portrait,” ca. 1585

24. Portraiture as Propaganda Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, “Ditchley Portrait,” c1592 Unknown artist, “Armada Portrait,” ca. 1588

25. Acknowledgements, Confessions, and Sources This Powerpoint pilfers heavily from http://edsitement.neh.gov/launchpad- images-new-world#d This Powerpoint pilfers heavily from http://edsitement.neh.gov/launchpad- images-new-world#d http://edsitement.neh.gov/launchpad- images-new-world#d http://edsitement.neh.gov/launchpad- images-new-world#d Portraits of Elizabeth I from http://www.marileecody.com/eliz1- images.html Portraits of Elizabeth I from http://www.marileecody.com/eliz1- images.html http://www.marileecody.com/eliz1- images.html http://www.marileecody.com/eliz1- images.html