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KNEE JOINT -ANATOMY John Erasmus Klibanoff, MD, LTC USAR (ret) Orthopaedic Surgeon Orthopaedic Associates of Rochester
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Knee Anatomy
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Knee Joint The most poorly constructed joint in the body. Femur round, tibia flat. Comprised of four bones – Femur – Tibia – Fibula – Patella
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Femur Medial and Lateral Condyles- distal ends of the femur. Largest bone in the body
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Femur Landmarks to know Add. Tubercle Medial and Lateral epicondyles Medial and lateral condyles Intercondylar fossa Patella fossa (not shown)
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Tibia and Fibula
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Tibia Landmarks to know Intercondylar eminence Medial and lateral condyles Tibial tuberosity
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Patella Patella tendon- attaches to the anterior of the tibia. (tibial tuberosity) Quadriceps tendon- attaches the quadriceps to the patella.
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Joints Tibiofemoral – Largest joint in body Patellofemoral – Patella contains the thickest cartilage found in the body
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Knee Stabilizers PRIMARY – Medial Collateral Ligament – Lateral Collateral Ligament – Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Posterior Cruciate Ligament SECONDARY – Medial Meniscus “C” shaped – Lateral Meniscus “O” shaped
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Cruciate Ligaments Major stabilizing ligaments in the knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur Injuries caused by hyperflexion, internal rotation, hyperextension
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ACL Has Two Bundles – Anteromedial Tight in flexion and extension – Posterolateral Tight in extension Ligament is most lax between 30 – 60 degrees flexion
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament Prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur Resists hyperextension of knee Runs from posterior tibia to anterior femur
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PCL Fibers are tightest around 30 degrees flexion – Posterolateral fibers are the last to become tight Two times stronger than ACL
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Medial Collateral Ligament Two layers – Deep layer is actually a thickening of the joint capsule that blends into the medial meniscus – Superficial layer is what we view as the MCL
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Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)- connect the fibula to the femur. A force from the medial side can cause a tear of the LCL Varus force
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Lateral Collateral Ligament Attaches to head of fibula Prevents excessive varus and IR forces Tightest in extension, loosest after 30 degrees flexion
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Cartilage Articulate Cartilage- covers the moving parts of the knee. Chronic damage to articulate cartilage leads to arthritis.
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ARTICULAR DISCS Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus
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Meniscal Blood Supply Each Meniscus has 3 zones – Red Zone Outer 1/3: good blood supply – Red/White Zone Middle 1/3: minimal blood supply – White Zone Inner 1/3: avascular (no blood supply)
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Meniscal Blood Supply
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Distal IT Band Extension of the TFL, Vastus lateralis and Intermuscular septum – Thickened and inserts on Gerty’s Tubercle
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Anatomy Summary Relevant surgical anatomy stems from the primary mesenchymal structures of the skeletal system BONY LIGAMENTOUS CARTILAGENOUS
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Thank You!
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