1. WORLD GEOGRAPHY NORTH AFRICA September 11, 2014

2. TICKET IN THE DOOR The United States is known as the land of plenty. I would like you to compare and contrast the natural resources that we have here in the U.S. to what is available in North Africa and Southwest Asia.

3. AGENDA Today we will be covering SSWG 3: A, B, C,D. Essential Question: In what ways has the physical geography and climate impacted the way that societies have developed in North Africa and Southwest Asia Opening: What Are the conditions in this region and how do they effect the people that live there. Learning Objective: The student will have an understanding of the physical and climatic impacts on the population of this region Activity: Create a map that includes the physical features as well as the climatic issues of the region.

4. NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA

5. AFRICA Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost equally by the Equator. Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, the Swahili Coast, the rain forest, the African Great Lakes, and Southern Africa. Some of these regions cover large bands of the continent, such as the Sahara and Sahel, while others are isolated areas, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and the Great Lakes. Each of these regions has unique animal and plant communities.

6. The Sahara is the worlds largest hot desert, covering 8.5 million square kilometers The Sahara makes up 25 percent of the continent. It defines Africa’s northern bulge The Sahara has a number of distinct physical features

7. PHYSICAL FEATURES Ergs, which cover 20 percent of the Sahara, are sand dunes that stretch for hundreds of kilometers at heights of more than 300 meters (1,000 feet). Ergs cover most of Algeria and Libya and parts of Mali and Nigeria. Ergs can contain large quantities of salt, which is sold for industrial and food use.

8. PHYSICAL FEATURES Regs are plains of sand and gravel that make up 70 percent of the Sahara. The gravel can be black, red, or white. Regs are the remains of prehistoric seabed and riverbeds, but are now nearly waterless.

9. PHYSICAL FEATURES Hamadas are elevated plateaus of rock and stone that reach heights of 3,353 meters (11,000 feet). They include the Atlas Mountains, which stretch from southwestern Morocco to northeastern Tunisia; the Tibesti Mountains of southern Libya and northern Chad; and the Ahaggar Mountains in southern Algeria.

10. PHYSICAL FEATURES An oasis is a hub of water in the desert, often in the form of springs, wells, or irrigation systems. About 75 percent of the Saharas population lives in oases, which make up only 2,071 square kilometers (800 square miles) of the deserts vast area.

11. INTERACTIVE MAP https://sites.google.com/site/worlddeserts/interactive-map- features

12. DESERT ANIMALS The Sahara's animal and plant communities have adapted to the regions extremely dry conditions. A dromedary camel conserves water by changing its body temperature so it doesnt sweat as the day gets hotter The area also includes scorpions and jerboa (a large rat)

13. DESERT WILDLIFE Saharan plants survive thanks to root systems that plunge as far as 24 meters (80 feet) underground. In parts of the Sahara, plants cannot take root at all. In the southern Libyan Desert, for instance, no greenery exists for more than 195 kilometers (120 miles).

14. PEOPLE AND CULTURE According to estimates, the Sahara's entire population probably equals less than two million people, including those who live in permanent communities near water sources, those who move from place to place with the seasons, and those who follow the ancient trade routes as permanent nomads. Most have Berber and/or Arabic roots. Most of the Sahara's population follows the Islamic religion, introduced in the seventh century AD.

15. POPULATION OF THE SAHARA The Berbers, speaking several dialects of the Berber language, appeared on the scene at the dawn of the Sahara's history. The Arabs, speaking Arabic, a Semitic language that originated in Arabia, appeared on the scene thousands of years ago. An ages Berber

16. HISTORY The Sahara's history is written in terms of primitive hunting and gathering, nomadic trade, agricultural development, early communities, conquest, sophisticated civilizations, monumental architecture, dynasty, exploration, colonization and war. It bears the stamp, not only of the Berbers and early Arabs, but also of Egyptians, Nubians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans. In more recent centuries, it experienced the imprint of Ottoman, Spanish, Italian, French and English colonialism. In the nineteenth century, it heard the whisper of Roman Catholicism. During World War II, it suffered fierce and destructive battles between the Germans and the Allies. In the middle of the last century, its countries cast off their colonial yokes and found freedom.

17. OBJECTIVES Learn about the major landforms of Southwest Asia. Find out what the two most important resources in Southwest Asia are. Examine how people use the land in Southwest Asia.

18. KEY TERMS oasis (oh AY sis) n. an area in a desert region where fresh water is usually available from an underground spring or well petroleum (puh TROH lee um) n. an oily liquid formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals; a fuel nonrenewable resource (nahn rih NOO uh bul REE sawrs) n. a natural resource that cannot be quickly replaced once it is used standard of living (STAN durd uv LIV ing) n. a measurement of a person’s or a group’s education, housing, health, and nutrition

19. CITY LIFE CITY LIFE IN TUNIS, TUNISIA The city is situated on the Mediterranean Coast. It extends back along the coastal plain The more modern city is wrapped around the older parts.

20. Nearly two thirds of the land in Southwest Asia is desert, and many parts of the region receive little rain. Much of Southwest Asia has an arid or a semiarid climate, with temperatures as high as 125°F during the day. In the Arabian Peninsula, the Rub’ al-Khali (“Empty Quarter”), which is almost as big as Texas, is the largest all-sand desert in the world.