1. Prepared by:- Man Mohan Krishna ECE 2908201

2.  Advance technology  Establishment 1999  Location chandigarh  Working area  Products  Key area of training  Embedded system  VLSI designing  Wireless communication  PCB designing

3. Introduction Block Diagram and Pin Description of the 8051 Registers Memory mapping in 8051 I/O Port Programming Timers Serial communication InterruptsApplicationsProject

5.  Personal information products: Cell phone, pager, watch, pocket recorder, calculator  Laptop components: mouse, keyboard, modem, fax card, sound card, battery charger  Home appliances: door lock, alarm clock, thermostat, air conditioner, TV remote, VCR, small refrigerator, exercise equipment, washer/dryer, microwave oven  Industrial equipment: Temperature/pressure controllers, Counters, timers, RPM Controllers  Toys: video games, cars, dolls, etc.

6.  It is basically consist of four main part 1. Core hardware:- Main heart ex:- 8051. 2. Firmware tools:- Compiler used for Programing :- keil compiler. 3. Programming tools:- Burning tool :- Flash magic and ECE flash. 4. Hardware tools:- Hardware programmers and Application debugger.

7. THEN WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER ?  A smaller computer  On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...  Example ： Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port CPU A single chip Microcontroller

8.  General-purpose microprocessor CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example ： Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0 CPU General- Purpose Micro- processor RAMROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Data Bus Address Bus

9. Feature 8031 8051 8052 8751 ROM NO 4kB 8kB 4kB UV Eprom RAM (Bytes) 128 128 256 128 TIMERS 2 2 3 2 I/O PINS 32 32 32 32 SERIAL PORTS 1 1 1 1 INTERRUPT 6 6 8 6 SOURCES

10. Oscillator and timing 4096 Bytes Program Memory (ROM) 128 Bytes Data Memory (RAM) Two 16 Bit Timer/Event Counters 8051 CPU 64 K Byte Bus Expansion Control Programmable I/O Programmable Serial Port Full Duplex UART Synchronous Shifter Internal data bus External interrupts subsystem interrupts Control Parallel ports Address Data Bus I/O pins Serial Input Serial Output

11. Pin Description of the 8051  The 8051 is a 40 pin device, but out of these 40 pins, 32 are used for I/O.  24 of these are dual purpose, i.e. they can operate as I/O or a control line or as part of address or date bus.

12.  When we take input as “0” D Q Clk Q Vcc Load(L1) Read latch Read pin Write to latch Internal CPU bus M1 P1.X pin P1.X 2. MOV A,P1 external pin=Low 1.write a 1 to the pin MOV P1,#0FFH 3. Read pin=1 Read latch=0 Write to latch=1 1 0

13. DATA registers CONTROL registers Timers Serial ports Interrupt system Analog to Digital converter Digital to Analog converter etc.. Addresses 80h – FFh Direct Addressing is used to access SFRs

15. RAM memory space allocation in the 8051 7FH 30H 2FH 20H 1FH 17H 10H 0FH 07H 08H 18H 00H Register Bank 0 (Stack) Register Bank 1 Register Bank 2 Register Bank 3 Bit-Addressable RAM Scratch pad RAM

17.  The 8051 has 2 timers/counters:  Timer/Counter 0  Timer/Counter 1 They can be used as 1. The Timer :Used as a time delay generator.  The clock source is the internal crystal frequency of the 8051. 2. An event counter.  External input from input pin to count the number of events on registers.  These clock pulses cold represent the number of people passing through an entrance, or the number of wheel rotations, or any other event that can be converted to pulses.

18. TMOD Register TCON Register GATEC/TM1M0GATEC/TM1M0 Timer 1Timer 0 (MSB)(LSB)

19.  Using a port,by a simple program you can generate a Square wave of any duty cycle. HERE : SETB P1.0 (Make bit of Port 0 High) LCALL DELAY CLR P1.0 LCALL DELAY SJMP HERE : Keep doing it Here same delay is used for both High & low

20. 8051- SERIAL COMMUNICATION 8051- SERIAL COMMUNICATION

24.  Original 8051 has 6 sources of interrupts  Reset  Timer 0 overflow  Timer 1 overflow  External Interrupt 0  External Interrupt 1  Serial Port events (buffer full, buffer empty, etc)  Enhanced version has 22 sources  More timers, programmable counter array, ADC, more external interrupts, another serial port (UART)

25. Interrupt Enable Register Upon reset all Interrupts are disabled & do not respond to the Microcontroller These interrupts must be enabled by software in order for the Microcontroller to respond to them. This is done by an 8-bit register called Interrupt Enable Register (IE).

26. IP.7: reserved IP.6: reserved IP.5: Timer 2 interrupt priority bit (8052 only) IP.4: Serial port interrupt priority bit IP.3: Timer 1 interrupt priority bit IP.2: External interrupt 1 priority bit IP.1: Timer 0 interrupt priority bit IP.0: External interrupt 0 priority bit ---PX0PT0PX1PT1PSPT2---

27. Applications of Microcontrollers

28.  :-

30. DTMF BASED HOME AUTOMATION

31.  DTMF standard was developed by Bell Laboratories.  Dual Tone Multifrequency System (DTMF), is a touch pad dialling tone.  DTMF standard is used in touch tone telephones and voice mail systems.  Allow users and devices to dial at much higher rate because of the uniformity of numbers.  Each digit corresponds to a high frequency and a low frequency  Both are transmitted simultaneously  Works by sending two sinusoids for each symbol pressed on the telephone keypad.

32. TABLE OF DTMF FREQUENCIES Symbol Tone B [Hz] 1209133614771633 Tone A [Hz] 697 123A 770 456B 852 789C 941 *0#D

36. Useful websites 1. http://www.8052.com http://www.8052.com 2. http://www.ARM.MCU.com http://www.ARM.MCU.com 3. http://www.mcjournal.com http://www.mcjournal.com 4. http://www.iar.com http://www.iar.com 5. http://www.embedded.com http://www.embedded.com http://www.embedded.com 6. http://www.powersoftsystems.com

37.  The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. ---- Robert Frost  thanks………..