1. Chapter 1 The 8051 Microcontroller

2. Section 1.1 Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors

3. General-purpose microprocessor
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General-purpose microprocessor
CPU for Computers
No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
Example：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0
Many chips on mother’s board
Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium
Motorola’s 680x0: 68000, 68010, 68020,68030,6040
Data Bus
CPU
General-Purpose Micro-processor
Serial COM Port
I/O Port
RAM
ROM
Timer
Address Bus
Figure 1-1 (a) General-Purpose Microprocessor System

4. Microcontroller A smaller computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X
CPU
RAM
ROM
A single chip
Serial COM Port
I/O Port
Timer
Figure 1-1 (b) Microcontroller

5. Microprocessor v.s. Microcontroller
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Microprocessor v.s. Microcontroller
Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate
designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.
expansive
versatility
general-purpose
Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip
fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports
for applications in which cost, power and space are critical
single-purpose
versatility 多用途的: any number of applications for PC

6. Embedded System（嵌入式系統）
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Embedded System（嵌入式系統）
Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application.
An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.
In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.
Example：printer, keyboard, video game player
Example：Table 1-1, some embedded products using microconrollers
processor 整合到整個系統中, 你只看到此系統的外觀, 應用, 感覺不到有 processor 在其中.
Embedded system 通常只有一項應用, 而 PC 有許多 applications (game, accounting, fax, mail...)
A printer is an example of embedded system since the processor inside it performs one task only.

7. Processors in Embedded Systems
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Processors in Embedded Systems
Which is your choice for an embedded product？
microcontroller
cost down
embedded processor ＝ microcontroller
microprocessor
In future, an entire computer on a chip
high-end embedded systems use microprocessors
殺雞用牛刀！
advantage：soon software development, all (appliances) in one.

8. Three criteria in Choosing a Microcontroller
meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively
speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and timers, size, packaging, power consumption
easy to upgrade
cost per unit
availability of software development tools
assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator, simulator, technical support
wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers.

9. Section 1.2 Overview of the 8051 Family

10. 2017/4/13
History of 8051
1981, Intel MCS-51
The 8051 became popular after Intel allowed other manufacturers to make and market an flavor of the 8051.
different speed, amount of o-chip ROM
code-compatible with the original 8051
form a 8051 family
在 Intel 允許廠商設計相容的 8051 IC 後, 8051 才真正的 popular.

11. Table 1-3：Features of the 8051
Feature Quantity Notes
ROM K bytes a fixed program
RAM bytes temporary data
Timers Timer/counter 0,1
I/O pins P0,P1,P2,P3
Serial port TxD, RxD
Interrupt sources

12. 8051 Pin Diagram 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD)P3.0
(TXD)P3.1
(T0)P3.4
(T1)P3.5
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
(INT0)P3.2
(INT1)P3.3
(RD)P3.7
(WR)P3.6
Vcc
P0.0(AD0)
P0.1(AD1)
P0.2(AD2)
P0.3(AD3)
P0.4(AD4)
P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)
P0.7(AD7)
EA/VPP
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7(A15)
P2.6(A14)
P2.5(A13)
P2.4(A12)
P2.3(A11)
P2.2(A10)
P2.1(A9)
P2.0(A8)
8051
(8031)

13. Inside Architecture of 8051
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Inside Architecture of 8051
External interrupts
On-chip ROM for program code
Timer/Counter
Interrupt Control
On-chip RAM
Timer 1
Counter Inputs
Timer 0
CPU
Serial Port
Bus Control
4 I/O Ports
OSC
P0 P1 P2 P3
TxD RxD
Address/Data
Figure 1-2. Inside the 8051 Microcontroller Block Diagram

14. Other 8051 family Table 1-4：Comparison of the 8051 Family Members
Feature
ROM (program space in bytes) 4K K K
RAM (bytes)
Timers
I/O pins
Serial port
Interrupt sources

15. Various 8051 Microcontrollers
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Various 8051 Microcontrollers
8751 microcontroller
AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
OTP (one-time-programmable) version of the 8051
8051 family from Philips
Note：
Memory is the most difference between them. Please reference to Chapter 14 and Chapter 15.
You ignore this part until your really design.
8751 microcontroller (UV-EPROM)
AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation (flash memory) Table 1-5, Table 1-6
DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor (NV-RAM) Table 1-7, Table 1-8
OTP version of the 8051
8051 family from Philips (add A-to-D converters, D-to-A converters)

16. You are able to
Compare and contrast microprocessors and microcontrollers
Describe the advantages of microcontrollers for some applications
Explain the concept of embedded systems
Discuss criteria to consider in choosing a microcontroller
Explain the variations of speed, packaging, memory, and cost per unit and how these affect choosing a microcontroller
Compare and contrast the various members of the 8051 family
Compare 8051 microcontrollers offered by various manufacturers

17. Homework Chapter 0 Problems：25,26,27,28,29