1. Hot dry climate

2. Desert

3. The architecture that has developed in arid zones of d middle east have had d consistent and deep routed building techniques which promotes passive climatic conditioning of their environments to provide shelter and comfort am their natural environment of hot arid desert

4. Contemporary design of homes in hot arid desert condition s have much to learn from the great history and development of city planning, building form and construction method of the past

5. Climatic condition 1. Hot dry weather in summer and cold in winter and dry 2. V. little rainfall 3. V. low humid in the air 4. V. low vegetation cover 5. High temp diff between day & night

6. Built environment Ductility and implementation of urban and rural living condition with natural fact ors and use of this agents in v. adverse condition in this area, is considerable as dare to be expressed in one v. important achievement in the implementation of our traditional architecture & provide a suitable living environment in arid region s & is without water & grass

7. General urban & rural is as follows 1. Very dense 2. Urban area completely surrounded by narrow alleys sometimes irregular and covered with a vault 3. Buildings are joined together 4. The establishment of biological collection according to sun and wind

8. Building form The traditional courtyard becomes the common mode for both urban & rural form More common inter locking space arrangements could be found

9. Iran hot dry climate Plateau plains, which are considered as the outstanding district of Iran, are located mainly in central and eastern parts of country. Being the biggest region and surrounded by high rough nesses the central plateau of Iran (Falat- e-Marakazi) has a dry climate. The two regions of Dasht-e-Kvir and Kavir-e-Lout occupying one seventh of Iranian area- are located in the center of Iran which is totally barren with a very little rain.

10. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Hard and cold winters, warm and dry summers, very low rate of rain, air humidity, herbal cover, so much difference between day and night temperature and in salt desert and salt-desert border regions, the dusty winds are the outstanding climatic specifications in this region.

11. MORPHOLOGY AND URBAN TEXTURE The villages and cities of hot-arid regions can be compared to cactus bushes or desert plants. Because the life spaces of these regions consisted of urban spaces, pathways, yards and buildings are completely protected against undesirable winds and at the same time desirable winds and sun radiation are used with special arrangements.

12. BUILDING ELEMENTS IN HOT -ARID REGION

13. INTROVERSION & COURTYARD Being consider as a focal point, court yard is a social space with a environment function. The lengthened & narrow form of this courtyard,cases enough and needed shadow for this space for summer during summer days Net couunting the beauty it provides by shading and increasing relative humidity it helps the com4t condition of yard and act as a mojor cooling ststem of the house

14. Wall Being considered as an important element in regional house of dry and hot climate, the huge wall has the approx thickness of about one mt. these helps to transfer the heat at night and remains the temp. low at day thus it provides com4ts the resident buildings

15. The domes, which where used as a covering roof for mosq, water reservoir and bazars are another type of roof in hot & dry regions. In addition 2 the structural reasons the dome shape roofing of building in this region has have some thermo physical reason as well If flat roof used na usually square shaped bricks called paved one is used

17. Windows Generally in this climate windows are smaller in size which located in upper near to the ceiling level. Although external walls don’t have to many windows but the internal façade have more number,which gives com4 ventilation to the interior

18. Its an another important element in hot dry architecture which is used for cooling and ventilating the interior. It act as both sucking and pulling of air on this basis the cold air suck off the polluted or hot air 4m the interior pulls out.

19. 1. Mud 2. Mud brick 3. Stone 4. Brick mortar 5. Lime & 6. Wood

20. Qanats The most important problem in the desert, as we all know, is water. So they had to find a way to bring water to the city, without any kind of modern technology or pumping system. A passive system "Qanat" is used there. A mother- well was dug in a place far from the city where they could reach the water table by 100 mts they dug other well to move the water towards the city and makes the water source as a nearer one

21. Abanbar is a pure/drinking water reservoir The structure is constructed below the ground level but, here the structure is meant for the withstand against earth quake. This structure was seen with the wind catcher which circulates the air inside and avoids the decay of water. Sarooj (method of cons)is used here.

22. Using the Local Material The second principle is to using of local regional building materials for construction work where possibleit is preferable to use materials requiring low inputs of non-renewable energy in fabrication, transportation to the site and in the construction process itself.

23. The forth principle is to the priority given to the conservation and reuse of buildings, infrastructure and materials and also design buildings for flexibility so that a mix of uses can be accommodated under the same roof and so that floor plans are “robust”, in the sense that they can be adapted for different uses during the lifetime of the building.