1. Overview of Beijing Chen Qian

2. Beijing Population: 23.07 million (2012) Regional GDP: 1.6 trillion RMB, or $26.6 billion GDP per capita: 80,394 RMB, or $12,447

3. Old Beijing 1990

4. Old Town Beijing

6. CBD (central business district) Beijing

18. Chinese Foreign Policy Chen Qian

19. Contents  Background and slogans of Chinese foreign policy  Current situation  Diplomacy to United States  Diplomacy to United States (how China see U.S.)  Energy secure policy  Energy secure policy (operations in Australia, Brazil, and Persian Gulf )  Territorial claims  Territorial claims (strategies to India, Japan, and Taiwan)  ODA and foreign investment  ODA and foreign investment (foreign aid to Africa, Latin America, and South Asia)  Implications and questions

20. Background  China mainly focused on the domestic issue and national security and stability before 1980.  Chinese foreign policy formally start after the “Chinese Reform and Opening”(1980) which led by Deng Xiaoping.  The main tasks of Chinese foreign policy are defensive and have not changed much since the Cold War era:  to blunt destabilizing influences from abroad  to avoid territorial losses,  to reduce its neighbors' suspicions,  to sustain economic growth.

21. Slogans  “Five principles of peaceful coexistence” 1.Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty. 2.Mutual non-aggression. 3.Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs. 4.Equality and mutual benefit. 5.Peaceful co-existence. Purpose: Implies that good-neighborly relations come from preventing external instabilities from “spilling over” to fuel internal frictions. Suggests non-interference in internal affairs, mostly notably Taiwan and Tibet.  “New security concept” Adhere to the FPPC, but emphasizes on the bilaterally beneficial economic cooperation among states. Purpose: It marks the new proactive Chinese approaches to international affairs.

22. Slogans  “Peaceful rise/development” reassure the international community, particularly the neighboring countries, of China’s benign future and that China’s rise will not be a zero-sum game.  “Harmonious world” Manifest China’s commitment to global peace and stability, and the goal of a more just and equitable international system.

23. I. Diplomacy to U.S.  Before the Cold War, the US–Soviet tensions drove China–US cooperation against Soviet expansion.  The collapse of Soviet Union led the divergence of Chinese and American strategy.  Basic forms of China’s post-cold war policies toward US:

24. I. Diplomacy to U.S. (cont.)  The practical effectiveness of foreign policies towards U.S.

25. I. Diplomacy to U.S. (cont.)  Chinese foreign policies in accordance with actions of U.S.

26. Q: How China & America see each other?  Principle contradiction of Sino-U.S. relation: security and territorial integrity  instigate the independence of Taiwan and sales arms  meet the Dalai Lama who want the Tibetan independence through a series of inflammatory speeches  contact with the Rabiye Qadir who is responsible to a series of violent and bloody terrorist attacks in Xinjiang the different vision of future  U.S.: want to keep its unipolar status quo  China: achieve entirely access to globalization, meet its sustainable development

27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zn kLQdDpdI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Ba0QECdyass

28. Q: How China & America see each other?  Difference of American Experts and Public’s view to China: Expert:  far less concerned about China’s rising power  more likely to support building a strong relationship with China  mostly describe China as a competitor of the United States General public:  concerned about China’s growing economic strength and the negative effect on U.S.  more likely than the experts to label China as an threat  should be tough with China on trade/economy

30. II. Energy secure policy Overview  Domestic inequality of resource supply and demand  20% world population, 12.6% world coal reserves, 1.3% oil and natural gas reserves.  Vulnerable to high prices, supply fluctuations, and increased competition for geographically concentrated energy resources.

31. II. Energy secure policy (Oil) Oil Strategy: diversify suppliers and secure energy sources.  Poor domestic production

32.  Given the instability of Iran politics, China increases its cooperation with the oil-producing Persian Gulf countries.

33. II. Energy secure policy (Iron ore) Iron Ore Strategy: shift from resource trade to resource investment bilaterally.  Australia is the largest iron ore exporter to China.  Invest in Australian resources in the hope of integrating its steel production and supply chain.

34. III. Territorial claims  Proclaim the disputed regions as inalienable part of China.  Major territorial claims regions: Taiwan Diaoyu Islands (with Japan) South China Sea (with Philippines) Aksai Chin (with India) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsU7wjbOPZ4

35. III. Territorial claims

36. Q: What is the Chinese Military Might for? show the military capability to surrounding countries enhance the domestic security confidence self-defense rather than active attacks or aggression

37. “Is it a threat?”…  Yes, but depends on how you count. Shrinking active personnel by 1.7 million in last decade. (2,200,000 out of 1.3 billion population, compared to US’s 1,455,375 out of 312 million) Much less defense spending than US. ($ 100 billion vs. $738 billion in U.S.) Limited global range (no overseas bases vs. 285,773 American active-duty personnel overseas) Think about the one-child policy… China's Armed Forces Are the Biggest in the World!!!

38. IV. ODA and foreign investments Region: Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia Formation: Partially resembles official development assistance (ODA), partially shares characteristics of foreign investment. Consist: concessional or low-interest loans and government- backed or subsidized investments in infrastructure and natural resources Goals: I.Promote regional peace and economy II.Filling unmet development needs III.Secure and transport natural resources

41. Implications & Questions  What is the right way for U.S. treat the aggressive minorities (Dalai Lama) ?  Where are Chinese territorial claims really comes from? And is there a appropriate solution towards them?  How China deal with the contradiction between the “energy diplomacy” and the close relationships with unsavory regimes (such as Libya, Iran…)