1. engineering a better world WATER

2. According to the UN By 2025, it is estimated that about two thirds of the world's population - about 5.5 billion people - will live in areas facing moderate to severe water stress Approximately 1.1 billion people still do not have access to improved drinking water in 2005

3. Appearances can be Deceiving!

5. Why do we need Water?

6. World Water distribution

7. Why do we need a Good Water Supply System? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R_vpNQ0fJc &NR=1&feature=fvwphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R_vpNQ0fJc &NR=1&feature=fvwp

8. Why do we need a Good Water Supply System?

9. Possible Solutions to Water Supply Issues 1. RAM PUMP / HYDRAMS

10. Possible Solutions to Water Supply Issues 1. RAM PUMP / HYDRAMS Inexpensive Few moving parts Use the waters inherent energy Cons: Can only be used in limited scenarios

11. Possible Solutions to Water Supply Issues 2. THE AQUADUCT

12. Possible Solutions to Water Supply Issues 2. THE AQUADUCT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U-mvfjyiao

13. Is that water clean?

14. Child collecting drinking water in Cambodia

15. Is that water clean? Child drinking water in Honduras, Central America

16. Is that water clean? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77Mv8pauMKc&eurl=http%3A%2F%2 Ftheinspirationroom.com%2Fdaily%2F2008%2Fworld-vision-dirty-water- online%2F&feature=player_embedded

17. Is that water clean? Child drinking water in Sudan There are many filter and solar distillation based technologies designed to provide clean drinking water to people: 1. Ceramic / Clay Filter 2. Life Straw 3. Water cone

18. Ceramic Filters

19. Life straw

20. Water Cone

21. Floating Islands

22. Desalination Australia is facing a major issue with soil and underground water salinity. Removing soluble salts from water is not a simple affair. In most cases desalination is an energy intensive process!

23. Desalination by flocculation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpghIJG1-i0

24. Desalination via Reverse osmosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDPBWKdSag &feature=related

25. Desalination via distillation Think water cone but faster Involves evaporation/boiling of water and collecting the condensate/distillate The main difference in such technology is usually the source of the heating energy.

26. Water Supply Systems 1. Grey water tank for biological treatment (900 litres) 2. Grey water inflow 3. Grey water overflow 4. Sewage system 5. Grey water system ventilation 6. Ultrafiltration module / sterilisation 7. Fresh water inflow 8. Rainwater / fresh water tank 2400 liters 9. Ventilation unit 10. Domestic water supply 11. Submersible pump 12. Biovitor 13. Rainwater inflow 14. Drinking water feed 15. System control 16. Soak-away 17. Rainwater / fresh water overflow 18. Soak-away ventilation Image sourced from: http://www.dwc-water.com/technologies/grey- water-recycling/index.html

27. Questions? ?

28. Activity: Make your own water filter In country groups, Decide what to do Buy materials Make filter Test filter Present to class

29. How does the activity relate to the real world? People in poorer countries have their own coping mechanisms Resourcefulness of groups with little money North-South co-operation Richer countries formed the G8 and OECD Poorer countries formed the Group of 24 Collaboration between countries Based on actual country’s illiteracy rate Lack of education and access to information Illegible instructions Based on actual country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Different amounts of money per group Real WorldActivity

30. Useful Links 1. RAM PUMPS http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqw m/ebae161_92.htmlhttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqw m/ebae161_92.html http://www.clemson.edu/irrig/Equip/ram.htm http://home.att.net/~africantech/ESME/hydram2/HydRam2. htmhttp://home.att.net/~africantech/ESME/hydram2/HydRam2. htm http://www.theramcompany.com/ http://www.itdg.org/docs/technical_information_service/hydr aulic_ram_pumps.pdfhttp://www.itdg.org/docs/technical_information_service/hydr aulic_ram_pumps.pdf

31. Useful Links 2. AQUADUCT http://science.howstuffworks.com/earth/green- technology/remediation/aquaduct-filtration-vehicle.htm/printablehttp://science.howstuffworks.com/earth/green- technology/remediation/aquaduct-filtration-vehicle.htm/printable 3. CERAMIC FILTER http://www.rdic.org/waterceramicfiltration.htm http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002738.html 4. AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER GUIDELINES http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/publications/synopses/a dwg_11_06.pdfhttp://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/publications/synopses/a dwg_11_06.pdf

32. Useful Links 5. LIFESTRAW http://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw.htm http://express.howstuffworks.com/lifestraw2.htm 6. WATER CONE http://www.mage-watermanagement.com/ 7. BIOHAVEN FLOATING ISLANDS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0TiKkbbNxI http://www.floatingislandinternational.com/fi_pages.php?name=m30 http://patriotlwm.com/patriot-lwm-and-biohaven-floating-islands/

33. Useful Links 8. WATER ORGANISATIONS (Continued) http://water.org/facts/ http://www.treehugger.com/ http://www.rdic.org/home.htm http://www.worldvision.com.au/ourwork/Solutions/WaterHe althLife.aspxhttp://www.worldvision.com.au/ourwork/Solutions/WaterHe althLife.aspx http://aquaclara.org/what-we-do/the-challenge-of-clean- water/http://aquaclara.org/what-we-do/the-challenge-of-clean- water/ http://www.livelearn.org/projects/p02_adbvideo.asp http://www.worldwater.org/data.html http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/enviro nm/water/index.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/enviro nm/water/index.html

34. A great documentary! I encourage anyone interested in water issues to watch this enlightening documentary on water issues: http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/flow-for-love-of- water/