2. Housing Issues Housing is most satisfying if it meets individual and family needs. Chapters 1-2 Chapters 1-2

3. How can housing meet needs? Our needs for housing are based upon our basic human and family needs. (Chapter 1) Our needs for housing are based upon our basic human and family needs. (Chapter 1) As society changes, our As society changes, our housing options and housing options and needs change. needs change. (Chapter 2) (Chapter 2)

4. 100,000 years ago natural shelters were human housing Typical types of housing for shelter. Under Trees Under Trees Inside Caves Inside Caves In Thickets In Thickets Inside Pits Inside Pits

5. Portable shelters such as tents and collapsible wood-frames covered with animal skins were typical housing for nomads who had to move from place to place to find grazing for their herds or escape bad weather seasons.

6. A Portable Shelter

7. Common African Shelter

8. Distinctions grew As farming grew, other specialized occupations developed, such as making pottery and cloth. These led to the first cities where wealthier people built two story homes near the center of the cities. These wealthier people began to build homes which would protect them from robbers and intruders, locating their homes on cliffs, mountainsides, or rivers.

9. Stockades of Pioneer Days

10. Some even built stone walls and a moat to protect their possessions. Poor people and farmers remained in the countryside in mud huts, caves, and smaller houses of found materials.

11. Basic human needs determine the type of housing people require. FOOD WORK LOVE

12. Physical needs include air, sunlight, shelter from nature, sleep, food, safety and security.

13. Psychological needs include love and belonging, identity, and creativity. Housing that satisfies basic psychological needs can encourage interaction with family and friends and help people’s feeling of well-being.

14. Individual needs vary with stages of the life cycle, family situation, and personal or special needs. Individuals move through the life cycle from infancy into childhood, then young adulthood and finally adulthood.

15. Family Life Stages: beginning stage parenting stage launching stage aging stage retirement stage At each stage individuals and families have similar housing needs and concerns. As people move through the family life cycle, their housing requirements change.

17. Universal Design Special needs of the elderly and of handicapped people can be met through barrier-free design and adaptable design features. Special needs of the elderly and of handicapped people can be met through barrier-free design and adaptable design features.

18. Universal Design Exterior Features * Ground-level entrance * Non-skid ramp * Secure handrails for ramps and stairways

19. Universal Design Interior features include wide doorways, low light switches, lever-type doorknobs, and adjustable height shelving.

20. Universal Design Kitchens counters can provide variable height for people standing or sitting to work in the kitchen. Knee space under the sink or cook top allows for wheelchair use. Other universal design kitchen features include appliance controls that are easy to reach and use, wheel chair turn space, and pull-out kitchen shelves for easy reach to the back.

21. Future Challenges: A. Create housing that is useful to the greatest number of people. to the greatest number of people. B. Find ways to make better housing available to low and middle income people and to improve the social environment. C. Conserve energy and C. Conserve energy and natural resources. natural resources.

22. Culture affects choices. Culture is a combination of all the customs, beliefs, and ideas of a group of people. It includes the values, traditions, and social habits including art and religion of the people. Culture affects the types of homes people build, the style of individual homes, and the arrangement of rooms and furnishings within the home. Culture is a combination of all the customs, beliefs, and ideas of a group of people. It includes the values, traditions, and social habits including art and religion of the people. Culture affects the types of homes people build, the style of individual homes, and the arrangement of rooms and furnishings within the home.

23. A Household is made up of all the people who live together in one housing unit. The size and makeup of households vary from culture to culture.

24. 1. The nuclear family is a traditional household made up of a father, mother, and one or more children. 2 An extended family is more common in some cultures. It is made up of other relatives in addition to parents and children, for example a grand parent may live with a parent and his or her children. 3 Single-parent families in which only one parent is living with one or more children and couples without children require smaller homes. 4 Single people often share housing with a roommate so that they can have more affordable housing costs.

25. Culture Differences Cultures vary in their concern for privacy and individualism. Some cultures value individual pursuits and privacy while others value group goals such as public baths or community dining facilities.

26. Status affects housing decisions. Status is the way a person’s importance is perceived by others. The size of a person’s home, its location, design and furnishings can be symbols Status is the way a person’s importance is perceived by others. The size of a person’s home, its location, design and furnishings can be symbols of status. of status.

27. Status can be achieved. 1. Building materials of high quality may add status to a person’s home. 1. Building materials of high quality may add status to a person’s home. 2. The types and number of rooms, such as a separate kitchen and separate dining room are status symbols in most cultures. 2. The types and number of rooms, such as a separate kitchen and separate dining room are status symbols in most cultures. 3. The more land surrounding a 3. The more land surrounding a person’s home, the more status. Single family homes surrounded by land convey higher status than duplex homes or townhouses.

28. Travel Inspires Housing Travel to other countries sometimes causes people to mimic the styles they see back in their own home states, such as the Asian house above. Sometimes this works, but sometimes the materials do not suit the climate of the region. For example, stucco does not work as well in Virginia as it does in the desert of Arizona or Georgia marshlands. International trade and improved communication through the internet makes this more possible today.

29. Bibliography Google Images. www.googleimages.com, October 20, 2008. Google Images. www.googleimages.com, October 20, 2008.www.googleimages.com Microsoft Clip Art Microsoft Clip Art Sherwood, Ruth. “Housing is a Universal Need,” “Housing and Society.” Homes Today and Tomorrow. New York, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2003 Sherwood, Ruth. “Housing is a Universal Need,” “Housing and Society.” Homes Today and Tomorrow. New York, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2003