1. 101Muscle Contractions10 102Contract/Relax Examples10 103Integumentary Map/ Quest.15 104Skin + Draw15 105Melanin/Keratin/Glands10 106Hair/Nails10=190 DatesPage #DescriptionPossible GradeMy Grade 95Skeletal Map/Questions20 96Structure of Bones15 97Bone Support30 98Structure of a Joint15 99Muscular Map/ Questions20 1003 Types of muscle20

2. The Human Body System Ch. 35: Nervous System Ch. 36: Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary Ch. 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Ch. 38: Digestive and Excretory/Urinary Ch. 39: Endocrine and Reproductive Ch. 40: Immune and Disease

3. Ch. 36 Skeletal System NBpg. 95 Top + Label Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Pelvis Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Skull Mandible Sternum Ribs Vertebral column

4. Questions TBpg. 939 5 questions, worth 10 points 1-4, 14 NBpg. 95 Bottom

5. Image on page _____ Structure of Bones Bone marrow Periosteum Spongy bone Compact bone Haversian canal Compact bone Spongy bone Periosteum Osteocyte Artery Vein NBpg. 96 Top: Draw, Label and Color

6. Structure of Bones Bones are a solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are supported by deposits of calcium salts. The bone is surrounded by a tough layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Beneath the periosteum is a thick layer of compact bone. Bone marrow is a soft tissue inside the cavities within bones. NBpg. 96 Middle

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure of Bones Running through compact bone is a network of tubes called Haversian canals that contain blood vessels and nerves. Spongy bone is found inside the outer layer of compact bone. Spongy bone adds strength without adding mass. Osteocytes, or mature bone cells, are embedded in the bone matrix. NBpg. 96 Bottom

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cartilage Cartilage is a strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone. Cartilage is replaced by bone during the process of bone formation called ossification. By early adulthood, cartilage is replaced by bone, the bones become ossified, and growth stops. NBpg. 97 Top Bone Cartilage Bone

9. Ligaments Connective tissue called ligaments hold bones together in joints and are attached to membranes that surround bones. Connects bone to bone. NBpg. 97 Middle

10. Tendons A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; both are made of collagen. Connects bone to muscle. NBpg. 97 Bottom

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall A place where one bone attaches to another bone is called a joint The knee joint is protected by cartilage and bursa, which is a small sac of synovial fluid that reduces the friction between bones of a joint, like a shock absorber. The ligaments hold the bones composing the knee joint— femur, patella, tibia, and fibula—together. Muscle Tendon Femur Patella Bursa Ligament Synovial fluid Cartilage Fat Fibula Tibia NBpg. 98 Top Structure of Joints

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Movement of Joint s Immovable Joints Called fixed joints, allow no movement. Ex: Places where bones in the skull meet Slightly Movable Joints Permit a small amount of restricted movement. Found in the joints between adjacent vertebrae. Freely Movable Joints Permit movement in one or more directions. Four common freely movable joints are: ball-and-socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, saddle joints NBpg. 98 Bottom

13. Type of Freely Movable Joints The shoulder joint has a ball- and-socket joint. The knee is a hinge joint. The elbow has a pivot joint. The joint at the base of your thumb is a saddle joint. NBpg. 98 Label (tape)

14. The Human Body System Ch. 35: Nervous System Ch. 36 : Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary Ch. 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Ch. 38: Digestive and Excretory/Urinary Ch. 39: Endocrine and Reproductive Ch. 40: Immune and Disease

15. Ch. 36 Muscular System Concept Map NBpg. 99 Top

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 99 Label and tape

17. Questions NBpg. 99 Bottom TBpg 939 7-9, 16, 18,

18. There are three types of muscles: Skeletal muscles: Striated muscle that is usually attached to the skeleton Responsible for voluntary movements. NBpg. 100 Top

19. There are three types of muscles: Smooth muscles: Muscle that is capable of slow rhythmic involuntary contractions Found in many internal organs and blood vessels. NBpg. 100 Middle

20. There are three types of muscles: Cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscle tissue of the heart made up of striated fibers functioning in synchronized rhythmic contraction Only found in the heart. NBpg. 100 Bottom

21. Muscle Contraction 1.The fibers in skeletal muscles are composed of smaller structures called myofibrils. 2.Each myofibril has smaller structures called filaments. 3.Filaments are arranged along the muscle fiber in units called sarcomeres. 4.Sarcomeres are separated by regions called Z lines. 5.The thick filaments contain a protein called myosin. 6.The thin filaments contain a protein called actin. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 101 Top

22. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Skeletal muscle Bundle of muscle fibers Muscle fiber (cell) Myofibril Z line Sarcomere Myosin Actin NBpg. 101 View

23. Muscle Contraction During muscle contraction, the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments, decreasing the distance between the Z lines. NBpg. 101 Bottom (1/2)

24. Control of Muscle Contraction Impulses from motor neurons control the contraction of skeletal muscle fibers: The axon terminals of the motor neuron release a neurotransmitter(message) called acetylcholine to contract. A neuromuscular junction is the point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 101 Bottom (2/2)

25. How Muscles and Bones Interact Skeletal muscles are joined to bones by tendons, which pull on the bones so they work like levers. A controlled movement requires contraction by both muscles. (Contract and Relax Positions) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 102 Top

26. How Muscles and Bones Interact Opposing Muscles Contract and Relax NBpg. 102 View

27. Exercise In each scenario, name a muscle that is contracted and relaxed? A. Crunches: back on floor C B. Crunches: elbows to knees D A C. Push up (plank position) D. Push up (down position) B NBpg. 102 Bottom

28. The Human Body System Ch. 35: Nervous System Ch. 36: Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary Ch. 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Ch. 38: Digestive and Excretory/Urinary Ch. 39: Endocrine and Reproductive Ch. 40: Immune and Disease

29. Ch. 36 Integumentary System Concept Map NBpg. 103 Top

30. Questions TBpg. 939 10, 22-25 NBpg. 103 Bottom

31. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The skin is the largest organ in the body. The skin is made up of two main layers: Epidermis : The outer layer of the skin The outer layer is made up of dead cells. The inner layer is made up of living cells. Dermis : The inner layer of the skin. The dermis contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, smooth muscles, and hair follicles. Hypodermis: A layer of fat and loose connective tissue that insulates the body. NBpg. 104 Top

32. Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Hair follicle Sweat pore Nerves Muscle Sweat gland Fat Sebaceous gland Hair Blood vessels Melanin NBpg. 104 Draw, Label, & Color

33. Melanin and Keratin The epidermis also contains melanin, a dark brown pigment. Melanin protects the skin from sun (UV) damage. NBpg. 105 Top Older cells begin making keratin, a tough, fibrous protein. When these cells die, they form a waterproof covering on the skin’s surface, hair, and nails.

34. The dermis contains two major types of glands: Sweat glands: If your body gets too hot, sweat glands produce sweat. When sweat evaporates, it cools the body. Sweat also gets rid of wastes from the blood, along with water. Sebaceous, or oil, glands: Sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called sebum. It spreads out along the surface of the skin and helps to keep the skin flexible and waterproof. NBpg. 105 Bottom

35. Hair covers most body surfaces. Protects the scalp from ultraviolet light from the sun. Provides insulation from the cold. Prevents dirt and other particles from entering the body. NBpg. 106 Top

36. Nails Nails grow from rapidly dividing cells in the nail root. The nail root is located near the tips of the fingers and toes. During cell division, cells fill with keratin and produce a plate-like nail that covers and protects the fingertips and toes. NBpg. 106 Bottom