1. Warm-Up 8.26.13  What is Geography?  What elements does a Geographer study about the world?  Without looking…  What are the top 3 most populated countries on the planet?

2. #Country 2000 Population 2010 Population 2012 Population 2050 Expected Pop. 1China1,268,853,3621,330,141,2951,343,239,9231,303,723,332 2India1,004,124,2241,173,108,0181,205,073,6121,656,553,632 3United States282,338,631310,232,863313,847,465439,010,253 4Indonesia213,829,469242,968,342248,645,008313,020,847 5Brazil176,319,621201,103,330193,946,886260,692,493 6Pakistan146,404,914184,404,791190,291,129276,428,758 7Nigeria123,178,818152,217,341170,123,740264,262,405 8Bangladesh130,406,594156,118,464161,083,804233,587,279 9Russia146,709,971139,390,205142,517,670109,187,353 10Japan126,729,223126,804,433127,368,08893,673,826 TOP TEN Countries3,618,894,8274,016,489,0824,096,137,3254,950,140,178 Rest of the World2,466,012,7692,829,120,8782,921,709,5974,306,202,522 TOTAL World Population6,084,907,5966,845,609,9607,017,846,9229,256,342,700

3. Agenda  Warm-Up  Pre-Test  5 Themes of Geography  Maps  Reflection  Homework Assignment  CNN Student News

4. Pre-Test  On one side of you paper…construct a map from memory of:  The world’s continents (Hint: There are seven)  Four Countries or major world regions that are important to US global relations.  US Trade, Historical Ties, Neighbors  Make sure to include a legend indicating important geographic features.  Map does not need to be to scale.  Do not refer to another map!!!! Eyes on your own paper!

6. THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

7. ge·og·ra·phy 1 : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary

8. IN PLAIN ENGLISH:  Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it.

9. THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY 1. Location 2. Place 3. Human-Environment Interaction 4. Movement 5. Regions

10. 1. LOCATION: Where is it? Why is it located there?  Absolute Location  Is given in degrees of latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location).  Paris, France is 48 o North Latitude and 2 o East Longitude.  The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.  Relative Location  Relative location depends upon point of reference. Eg. Near, far, a short drive.  Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. You are Here

11. 2. PLACE: What is it like?  Physical Characteristics  Landforms (mountains, plains, etc.), bodies of water (oceans, lakes, bays, etc.), ecosystems (soil, plants, animals, and climate)

12. 2. PLACE: What is it like?  Human Characteristics  Bridges, roads, buildings, culture, languages, beliefs.  All places have features that distinguish them from other places.

13. 3. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION  How do people interact with and change their environment?  We depend on the environment.  Ex. People depend on rivers for water and transportation.  We adapt to the environment.  Ex. We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.  We modify the environment.  Ex. People modify their environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort.

14. 4. MOVEMENT  How are people and places linked by communication and the flow of people, products and information/ideas?  Movement of People  Cars, Trucks, Trains, Planes  Movement of Products  Cars, Trucks, Trains, Planes  Movement of Information/ideas  Phones, computer (email), mail  TV, Radio, Magazines

15. 5. REGIONS  What are regions and how are they useful?  Regions can be defined on the basis of physical and human characteristics  Geographers divide the world into regions to help them interpret information.

16. REMEMBERING THE 5 THEMES  If you can’t remember what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!  M – Movement  R – Regions  HE – Human Environment interaction  L – Location  P - Place

17. SUMMARY CHART

18. PRACTICE: Discuss the 5 THEMES in this picture. 1. Location 2. Place 3. Human- Environment Interaction 4. Movement 5. Regions

20. PRACTICE: Discuss the 5 THEMES in this picture.

23. The Geographer

24. Two Major Branches  Physical Geography  Study of Earth’s physical features  Climate, land, water, plants, and animal life  Relationship to one another and humans  Human (Cultural) Geography  Study of Human activities  Political, Economic, Cultural factors  Population Density, Urban Development, Economic production, and ethnicity  Relationship to cultural and physical environments

25. Direct Observation  Used to study Earth and the patterns of human activities.  Visit Region  Satellite Imaging  Aerial Photographs

26. Mapping  Cartographers  Study and make maps  Maps show information that may be too tough to write out  Population Density  Mineral Deposits  McDonald’s Density

27. Interviewing  Sometimes observation is not enough  Interview people  What do they think or feel about a place?  How have beliefs or attitudes led to changes?  Target specific groups  Sample

28. Statistics  Numerical Data  Temperature and rainfall data (Climate)  Analyze Data to find patterns and trends  Census and Population Growth  Age  Ethnicity  Gender

29. Technology  Many different types  Satellites  Remote sensors, high-tech cameras, radar, etc  Geographic Information Systems (GIS)  Process Data  Urban Planners, Retailers, Local Government  Mapmaking

30. Super Theme Man  On a sheet of white paper, create a Super Hero that represents one of the 5 Themes of Geography.  Include the following…  Name  Powers  Around your Super Hero, show him helping geographers in at least 3 of 5 areas a Geographer studies  Direct Observation, Mapping, Interviewing, Statistics, Technology

31. 5 Themes Activity  With a partner, describe a city…other than Colorado Springs using the 5 themes.  Discuss together, but write the answers on your own sheet of paper.

32. The Geographer’s Tools  Globes and Maps:  As people explored the Earth, they collected information about it.  Mapmakers wanted to present this information correctly.  The best way was to put it on a globe, a round ball that represented the Earth.

33.  Because globes are not practical or easy to use to carry, flat maps were invented.  However, the earth is round and a map is flat.  Mapmakers had to find ways to make maps accurate.

34. How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid

35. The Hemispheres

36. Globes and Maps  The most accurate way to present information on the islands, continents, and bodies of water of the world is to put it all on a globe, a round ball like the Earth itself.  The only difference between a globe and the Earth itself is the scale, or size, represented on the globe.

37.  Globes have a disadvantage: They cannot be complete enough to be useful and at the same time be small enough to be convenient.  Therefore, people used flat maps instead.

38.  Maps try to show the Earth, which is round, on a flat surface.  This causes distortion, or a change in accuracy of the shapes and distances of places.  It is impossible to show the Earth on a flat surface without some distortion.

39. In 1569, a geographer named Gerardus Mercator created a flat map to help sailors navigate long journeys across the globe. The Mercator projection, or method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper, is used by nearly all deep-sea navigators. The Mercator projection is a conformal map, meaning that it shows correct shapes, but not true distances or sizes. There are many types of other projections of the globe. Getting It All On the Map The World: Mercator Projection

40. There are many ways to show a globe on a flat map. The interrupted projection map, on the left, shows real sizes and shapes of continents. The equal area map, below left, shows size accurately. The Peters projection, below, shows land and oceans areas and correct directions accurately The World: Three Projections Interrupted Projection Equal-Area Projection Peters Projection

41. The World: A Robinson Projection ARCTIC OCEAN

42. The Parts of a Map Compass Rose  A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west. Scale  The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map’s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world.

43. Key  The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees. Grids  Some maps use a grid of parallels and meridians. On a map of a small area, letters and numbers are often used to help you find your location.

44. Pre-Test Pt. 2  1. Look at the following map about immigration.  2. Write a paragraph about what you see using the following steps:  Intro  Facts  Inference  Justify  Conclusion