1. THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY CH 1 SECTION 1 NOTES

2. What is Geography? * It is the study of our earth; our home. OR *Anything that can be mapped!

3. OwlTeacher.com *Geography mixes up the physical and human aspects of our world into one field of study. *Geography shows the relationship between people and the environment.

4. The Five Themes of Geography There are five ways to look at the earthThere are five ways to look at the earth When geographers work, they are guided by two basic questions:When geographers work, they are guided by two basic questions: 1)Where are things located? 2)Why are they there? To find these answers, geographers use five themes to organize information

5. THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY LocationLocation PlacePlace Human-Environment InteractionHuman-Environment Interaction MovementMovement RegionsRegions

6. LOCATION Where are we? Absolute LocationAbsolute Location –A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). –Paris France is 48 o North Latitude and 2 o East Longitude. –The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Relative Location –Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. –Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. You are Here

7. PLACE What is it like there, what kind of place is it? Human Characteristics What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs. How many people live, work, and visit a place. Physical Characteristics Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.

8. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How do humans and the environment affect each other?How do humans and the environment affect each other? –We depend on it. People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation. –We modify it. People modify our environment byPeople modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. –We adapt to it. We adapt to the environment by wearingWe adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats).

9. MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place?How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? –Human Movement Trucks, Trains, PlanesTrucks, Trains, Planes –Information Movement Phones, computer (email), mailPhones, computer (email), mail –Idea Movement How do fads move from place to place?How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines

10. REGIONS How are Regions similar to and different from other places?How are Regions similar to and different from other places? –Formal Regions Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities) Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown). –Functional Regions Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).

11. Remembering the 5 themes If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!! M – MovementM – Movement R – RegionsR – Regions HE – Human Environment interactionHE – Human Environment interaction L – LocationL – Location P - PlaceP - Place

12. End of Day 1

13. Map Skills

14. The Geographer’s Tools Globes and Maps:Globes and Maps: – As people explored the Earth, they collected information about it. – Mapmakers wanted to present this information correctly. – The best way was to put it on a globe, a round ball that represented the Earth.

15. – Because globes are not practical or easy to use to carry, flat maps were invented. – However, the earth is round and a map is flat. – Mapmakers had to find ways to make maps accurate.

16. OwlTeacher.com In 1569, a geographer named Gerardus Mercator created a flat map to help sailors navigate long journeys across the globe. The Mercator projection, or method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper, is used by nearly all deep-sea navigators. The Mercator projection is a conformal map, meaning that it shows correct shapes, but not true distances or sizes. There are many types of other projections of the globe. Getting It All On the Map The World: Mercator Projection

17. OwlTeacher.com There are many ways to show a globe on a flat map. The interrupted projection map, on the left, shows real sizes and shapes of continents. The equal area map, below left, shows size accurately. The Peters projection, below, shows land and oceans areas and correct directions accurately The World: Three Projections Interrupted Projection Equal-Area Projection Peters Projection

18. OwlTeacher.com The World: A Robinson Projection ARCTIC OCEAN

19. Types of Maps There are three basic types of maps: PHYSICAL POLITICAL and THEMATIC.

20. Physical Maps Physical maps show the natural features of the Earth. Physical maps do not contain man made features. For example, a physical map would be a map of what you would see if you were looking down on Earth from space.

21. Physical Maps

22. Political Maps

23. Unlike physical maps, political maps show how humans have impacted the landscape. For example, city names, roads, country borders, etc. are all part of political maps. Political maps change frequently (physical maps change very, very slowly through geologic processes) and must be redrawn often. A political map of the world that is 50 years old is no longer accurate. Wars and ethnic conflict are two major causes political maps change.

24. Political Maps

25. Thematic Maps Thematic maps can represent a variety of information including things like climate, precipitation, vegetation, elevation, population, life expectancy, etc. Thematic maps are generally used when you are looking at a single piece of information.

26. Thematic Maps

27. The Parts of a Map Title: The title tells what the map is about. This is the first part of the map you should look at.The title tells what the map is about. This is the first part of the map you should look at.

28. The Parts of a Map Scale The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map’s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world.The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map’s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world.

29. Compass Rose A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west.A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west.

30. Key The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees.The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees.

31. Grids Some maps use a grid of parallels and meridians. On a map of a small area, letters and numbers are often used to help you find your location.Some maps use a grid of parallels and meridians. On a map of a small area, letters and numbers are often used to help you find your location.

32. How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid

33. Latitude and longitude Latitude lines run across the globe horizontally Lines of longitude run up and down, vertically on the globe.

34. OwlTeacher.com The Hemispheres

35. There are 4 hemispheres: Northern hemisphere, Southern hemisphere, Eastern hemisphere, and Western hemisphere The equator cuts the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere in half. The Prime Meridian cuts the eastern and western hemisphere in half

36. End Day 2