1. Chapter 15 Highlights APES 2015 Mrs. Thompson

2. Key Ideas Identify major air pollutants and their sources including indoor sources Describe the life cycle for each of the following pollutants – Photochemical smog – Acid deposition – Stratospheric Ozone depletion Summarize laws that control/prevent atmospheric pollution

3. Warm Up Put each of the following atmospheric layers in order from lowest elevation to highest elevation – Stratosphere – Troposphere – Ionosphere – Exosphere – Mesosphere

5. Warm Up Copy the Agenda and Learning Targets for the week

6. Warm Up Make a list of as many Natural vs. Anthropogenic sources of atmospheric pollutants http://www.npr.org/2015/02/17/386876116/s olar-energy-may-light-the-way-for-villagers- not-on-india-s-electric-grid

8. Major Outdoor Pollutants Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Oxides Particulates Tropospheric Ozone/smog Lead and other metals Volatile Organic Compounds

9. Major Indoor Pollutants Asbestos Carbon monoxide Radon Volatile Organic Compounds

11. Good vs. Bad Ozone Compare and Contrast Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone

13. Tropospheric Ozone

14. Stratospheric Ozone

15. Turn and Talk Discuss factors that would increase and decrease these photochemical reactions

18. Health Impacts Tropospheric Ozone is the prime ingredient of smog in our cities and other areas of the country. When inhaled, even at very low levels, ozone can: – cause respiratory problems and aggravate asthma – cause temporary decreases in lung capacity – cause inflammation of lung tissue – 20 percent of all summertime respiratory-related hospital visits in the northeastern U.S. are associated with ozone pollution – impair the body's immune system defenses, making people more susceptible to respiratory illnesses, including bronchitis and pneumonia.

19. Environmental Impacts Ground-level ozone interferes with the ability of plants to produce and store food, so that growth, reproduction and overall plant health are compromised. ozone makes plants more susceptible to disease, pests, and environmental stresses. reduce agricultural yields for many economically important crops (e.g., soybeans, kidney beans, wheat, cotton). Ground-level ozone can kill or damage leaves so that they fall off the plants too soon or become spotted or brown. These effects can significantly decrease the natural beauty of an area, such as in national parks and recreation areas. One of the key components of ozone, nitrogen oxides, contributes to fish kills and algae blooms in sensitive waterways

20. Health Effects UVB causes nonmelanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. In addition, UVB has been linked to cataracts - - a clouding of the eye’s lens. All sunlight contains some UVB, even with normal stratospheric ozone levels. Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB and the risk of health effects.

21. Environmental Impacts plant growth can be directly affected by UVB radiation. Phytoplankton form the foundation of aquatic food webs. Phytoplankton productivity Exposure to solar UVB radiation has been shown to affect survival rates for these organisms. Solar UVB radiation has been found to cause damage to early developmental stages of fish, shrimp, crab, amphibians and other animals. The most severe effects are decreased reproductive capacity and impaired larval development. small increases in UVB exposure could result in significant reduction in the size of the population of animals that eat these smaller creatures. Increases in solar UV radiation could affect terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles and reinforce the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gases.

22. Warm Up Compare and contrast Stratospheric Ozone and Tropospheric Ozone Which chemical equations represent which forms of ozone?

23. A couple more details about ground level ozone! When ozone reacts with VOC it forms smog The health and environmental impacts of smog are increased during a thermal inversion

24. Primary vs. Secondary Pollutants Compare and contrast the terms Primary and Secondary Pollutant Give examples of each Which chemicals involved in Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone are primary? Which are secondary?

25. Primary – Comes directly out of the source (pipe, smoke stack etc) – CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, particulates, VOC Secondary – Result when a primary pollutant interacts with water, sunlight or other compounds – Ground level ozone, – Acid rain

26. Acid Deposition

27. Success Criteria – What is acid deposition? – What factors increase/decrease acid deposition? – What types of acid deposition are there and where are they found? – What are the environmental impacts of acid deposition?

28. Cleaning Up Air Pollution Air pollution in India http://www.npr.org/2015/02/25/388901963/i ndia-has-some-of-the-worst-pollution-in-the- world-study-says http://www.npr.org/2015/02/25/388901963/i ndia-has-some-of-the-worst-pollution-in-the- world-study-says Indoor air quality solution http://www.ted.com/talks/kamal_meattle_on _how_to_grow_your_own_fresh_air http://www.ted.com/talks/kamal_meattle_on _how_to_grow_your_own_fresh_air

29. Coal Ash Case Study http://www.cbsnews.com/news/coal-ash- spill-a-billion-barrels-of-muck/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/coal-ash- spill-a-billion-barrels-of-muck/

30. True or False? Americans spend more than 50 percent of their time indoors. Indoor air contains much higher concentrations of many pollutants than outdoor air. The World Health Organization estimates that 10% of the buildings in the United States experience indoor air quality problems. Sick building syndrome costs businesses $60 billion annually in lost productivity. The state of Washington was the first state government to institute indoor air guidelines for construction materials, office furnishings, and equipment to be used in newly constructed buildings.

31. Warm Up What are the symptoms of sick building syndrome? What products may cause sick building syndrome? What specific chemicals are associated with sick building syndrome? What are solutions to sick building syndrome? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adzMcfHr 1q8