1. Lab Equipment

2. Safety Goggles During labs the chances for eyes to be exposed to acids, bases, corrosives, and other harmful chemicals is high so goggles can help prevent splattering solutions or chemical particles from going directly into the eyes. Helps protect the eyes from broken glass and other shrapnel that could occur due to small explosions. To be entirely effective, safety goggles or glasses should be placed over the eyes prior to beginning a project or handling equipment, and should remain on the face during the entire time equipment is used. Safety glasses not only protect from flying hard debris, they are used in classrooms during science experiments, such as in chemistry labs, to protect the eyes from material that can get into the air.

3. Beaker Use beakers for holding and pouring liquids. Do not use a beaker to measure the volume of a liquid. Use a graduated cylinder instead. (See page R16.) Use a beaker that holds about twice as much liquid as you need. For example, if you need 100 milliliters of water, you should use a 200- or 250-milliliter beaker.

4. Erlenmeyer Flask It has a conical body, flat base and a narrow cylindrical neck. The flask is usually marked to indicate the approximate volume of their contents. The flask is chosen to replace a beaker if there is a need to stopper the contents. The narrow neck is sized to accept standard rubber stoppers or corks. The conical shape and narrow neck facilitates stirring by swirling. The small neck reduces evaporative losses. The neck may be fitted with side tubes to allow the extraction of produced gases. The flat bottom improves stability on lab benches.

5. Stoppers Used to seal the openings of test tubes, flasks and other laboratory glassware. Rubber stoppers are preferable for applications that require a tighter seal or a greater degree of chemical resistance. For applications that require a tighter seal or a greater degree of chemical resistance. Prevents a gas or liquid from escaping. Also prevents the contamination of samples by protecting the contents of laboratory glassware from air. Allows experimenters to shake or mix solutions without spilling them Some contain one or two holes to allow the insertion of pipettes, tubing or test equipment, such as a thermometer. Its chemical resistance makes it safe for use with corrosive and reactive compounds. Its impermeability helps to prevent the escape of liquids and gases from the container.

6. Test Tubes Use test tubes to hold small amounts of substances. Do not use a test tube to measure the volume of a liquid. Use a test tube when heating a substance over a flame. Aim the mouth of the tube away from yourself and other people. Liquids easily spill or splash from test tubes, so it is important to use only small amounts of liquids.

7. Test-Tube Holder Use a test-tube holder when heating a substance in a test tube. Use a test-tube holder if the substance in a test tube is dangerous to touch. Make sure the test-tube holder tightly grips the test tube so that the test tube will not slide out of the holder. Make sure that the test-tube holder is above the surface of the substance in the test tube so that you can observe the substance.

8. Test-Tube Rack Use a test-tube rack to organize test tubes before, during, and after an experiment. Use a test-tube rack to keep test tubes upright so that they do not fall over and spill their contents. Use a test-tube rack that is the correct size for the test tubes that you are using. If the rack is too small, a test tube may become stuck. If the rack is too large, a test tube may lean over, and some of its contents may spill or splash.

9. Graduated Cylinder Generally more accurate and precise for this purpose than beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, although not as precise as a volumetric flask or volumetric pipette. Come in a variety of sizes for different volumes, typically 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, or 100 ml, 500ml, and up to 2 liters. Measuring cylinders are sometimes used, if they can measure the quantity desired. Determine the volume contained in a graduated cylinder by comparing the bottom of the meniscus (the curved surface of the liquid) to the nearest graduation, at eye level.

10. Dropper Used to move small amounts of liquid from one place to another. Also used to measure the of liquid by counting drops. It is used when an exact measurement is not necessary.

11. Forceps/Tweezers Use forceps when you need to pick up or hold a very small object that should not be touched with your hands. Do not use forceps to hold anything over a flame, because forceps are not long enough to keep your hand safely away from the flame. Plastic forceps will melt, and metal forceps will conduct heat and burn your hand.

12. Thermometer Used to measure the temperature of water or air. The unit of measurement used is degrees Celsius. (C⁰) For everyday use, the unit most commonly used is degrees Fahrenheit. (F⁰)

13. Spatulas Ideal for removing chemicals or compounds from small bottles, Applying cultures or other substances to slides for microscope viewing. Use them to scrape away samples of biological materials, or chemical precipitates and residues. Resistant to acids, bases and solvents, which makes them safe for use in a broader spectrum of compounds.

14. Scalpel Small, sharp knife, sometimes with a detachable blade, used for dissection and surgery. Scalpel is used to make an incision. Used to cut into skin or dissect something. A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery, and anatomical dissection,

15. Hot Plate Use a hot plate when a substance needs to be kept warmer than room temperature for a long period of time. Use a hot plate instead of a Bunsen burner or a candle when you need to carefully control temperature. Do not use a hot plate when a substance needs to be burned in an experiment. Always use “hot hands” safety mitts or oven mitts when handling anything that has been heated on a hot plate.

16. Microscope Scientists use microscopes to see very small objects that cannot easily be seen with the eye alone. A microscope magnifies the image of an object so that small details may be observed. A microscope that you may use can magnify an object 400 times—the object will appear 400 times larger than its actual size.

17. Micro Slides A small rectangular piece of glass that the sample (the thing you're looking at) is placed on for observation. The sample is next covered with a cover strip (a small piece of plastic, used to keep the sample from sliding). The slide makes it possible to look at the sample. Otherwise, the sample would fall into the microscope light.

18. Triple Beam Balance A typical mechanical balance. It has a beam which is supported by a fulcrum. On one side is a pan on which the object is placed. On the other side, the beam is split into three parallel beams, each supporting one weight. In measuring the weight of an object, rather than adding additional weights, each of the three weights can be slid along the beam to increase their lever arm. It works just like a tetter-totter. If you have two people of unequal weight, the heavier person sits closer to the fulcrum to decrease their lever arm.

19. Mortar and Pestle A mortar and pestle is a tool used to grind and mix substances, including chemicals in a laboratory and also food in the kitchen. The pestle is a heavy small bat, made from porcelain, wood or other materials, whose rounded end is used for pounding and grinding. The mortar is a bowl, which can be made from porcelain, wood, carved stone or other materials. The substance is ground between the pestle and the mortar by rubbing or pounding the substance with the pestle against the wall of the mortar, thus turning it into a fine powder.